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23  WIST  MAIN  STREIT 

WiBSTIR.N.Y.  MStO 

(716)  •72-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notoa/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquas 


T 
tc 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  mey  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  ars  checked  below. 


□    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


D 
D 

n 

D 
D 

n 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurAe  et/ou  pellicul6e 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


D 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiquas  en  couleur 

Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais.  iorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  4t6  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 

Commentaires  supplimentaires;  ^ 


L'institut  a  m'crofiimA  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  *t4  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  raproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquto  ci-dessous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


y/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagies 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restauries  et/ou  pellicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dicolories.  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachies 


|~~1  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

V~J\  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 


T 

P 

o 
fi 


O 

b< 
x\ 
si 

Ol 

fi 
si 

Ol 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


r~n    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  inAgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Tl 
sf 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
en 
b« 
ri{ 
rei 
mi 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  kxh  filmies  ik  nouveau  de  fagon  i 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  \\\mh  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

aox 

J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


'K'.^;'V»JS' 


V>*i 


rT.'^J 


^Hf^ 


The  copy  filmed  here  het  been  reproduced  thenke 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Bibliothdque  netionaie  du  Quebec 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quaiity 
possibie  considering  the  condition  and  iegibiiity 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^»>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1    ■» 

2 

3 

L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
g4n6rositA  da: 

BibliothAque  nationale  du  Quebec 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetA  de  l'exemplaire  filmi,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  origlnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sent  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
origlnaux  sent  filmfo  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  i^euvent  dtre 
filmfo  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diff«rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichA,  11  est  film6  it  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


t 

2 

t 

4 

5 

6 

->.£/.  ic>AAC  jol:i  y.'j, 


NOVUM  BELGIUM: 

AN 

Account  of  J\^ew  J^etherland 

IN   1643-4. 

BY  REV.  FATHER  ISAAC  JOGUES, 

of  the  Society  of  Jefus. 

With  a  Facfimile  of  his  Original  Manufcript 
his  Portrait  a  Map  and  Notes  by  John 
GiLMARY  Shea. 


NF.W  YORK.: 
1'  R  I  \'  A  r  E  L  Y     PRINTED. 

1862. 


rh  f- 


ao.R. 


as^ 


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Iff,-:-   •  • 


,.      At*"  .v-^-^t.i 


' . '.  ^••-'. 


PREFACE. 

FROM  my  veneration  for  the 
writer^  no  lefs  than  from  the 
interej}  attached  to  this  brief  Jketch 
oj  iVt'it'  Netherlands  the  only  account 
by  a  foreigner  that  -we  have^  I  have 
printed  it  privately  in  this  form. 
I  here  give  a  facfimile  of  the  ma- 
nufcript^  the  text  itfelf  and  a  tranf- 
lation^  notes  and  memoir^  illuflrat- 
ing  it  further  by  the  map  of  De 
Laet  to  ivhich  he  alludes y  by  a  portrait 
of  Father  Jogues^  from  the  original 
in  his  family  y  and  by  a  vieiv  of  JVew 
Amflerdam    after    the   ereSlion   of 

the  Church  in  the  fort, 
Aij 


1052JI4 


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IIm.i,  Mm.   1^   Mil.    I' 


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II..-    NtW    V.-HN.-f   III-     Itll 


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^Po/h      th^'^U.nyf^       /J^     %A^- 


ffiuifu* 


c/tXrui(ft*ir    {ry     .-V  J. 


'Jfu^c-    J^o  ett/ 


.:%.   ^Ditp^      t*    f  A>*t*1 


SKKTCH  OK  THF.   LIFE 


FATIIKR  ISAAC  JOGUES. 

TsAAl'  jiK.iii  W41  bnni  jt  Orlpjni,  in  Frame,  on  the  trnili  ut 
•*  J.iniury,  ifio-',  jn.l  hia  I'jmily  rtill  rnjoyi  the  elliTm  ul'  his  native 
city.  A)  the  I'lthisiral  nf  ihjt  pliic  \>  dejiijtnl  to  the  H.ily  I'r.jli, 
he  in  uiif  lit  hi>  writing's  not  iiuptly  lallt  himlrlt'a  vitiien  ul'  the 
Holy  I'lof,,  ,in.l  .irtrr  lliowing  himlilfa  true  f'oll.jwcr  ol'the  Crol'-,  lip 
dir.l  in  th.it  New  Worl.l,  wliich  in  lonif  ..lil  ni.ips  br.irs  the  name  ..|' 
"  Inlula  Sjncl.i  I'rucij."  K.linato.l  in  4  Jrluit  lulle^ie  but  lately 
openi-.l  in  Orlran-,  hi)  ti-njer  pirty,  his  won.lert'ul  love  ol'  the  I'rul., 
ur,  in  lels  aUeti,  lanKuajji-,  of  ruttiTini:!,  ari.l  a  .Iclire  oC  (louring  out  his 
bliw.l  in  altcmj'tini!  to  lonvett  the  lieaihen  to  the  Faith,  indu^ej 
hiiti,  towards  the  ilol'e  of  hij  lludic,-,  to  alk  to  be  enrolled  among  the 
mcnilu'r«  ol' the  celebrated  Souety  vthiih  had  directed  hii  education, 
Admitted  to  the  Kouen  novitiate  In  1614,  he  w.is  lent,  alter  the  two 
years  ul'  I'e.lulion  an. I  prayer  which  ullier  in  the  religious  lite,  to  Pari, 
to  continue  hi-,  literary  Itudies.  In  ifi:<>,  he  began  his  career  as  a 
tiMihet,  and  for  lour  years  attracted  unilerlal  admiration  by  his  alile 
kliolarlhip  and  ability  in  the  direcluMi  ol'  youth.  Monortienis  .ire 
entant  to  ihow  how  ealily  he  might  have  gral'in'd  at  literarv  fanie. 
He  lighed,  ho»e\er,  I'or  ihemjliionsj  and  it  was  with  joe  that  he 
reiiiied   a   loniinoMs  ro   repair   to  the  Clermont  I'ollege,    at    I'an.,  to 

prepare,    by    the  lludy   ol'  di>init\,   lor   tl r.ler  ol'  priellhood,  which 

would  enable  him  to  let  out  lor  that  liel  which  he  had  ever  ardently 
delirej. 

A  iii 


[H 


t„  prpirr  L.r  imm.-.li.il.'  .■mlurk  .timi  <■•  C.ina.li,  lo  whi.b,   wl>">  iM 
ihjnu'ot'  Ihr  Kflii'l'iin   niilli..n    w.i'   nil  .irt,  hi.  lungini:.   lu.l   I'rrri 
turtifl      Aftir  iM.l^luV'  l,irr«rll  L.  hi.   ni..thfr  Jn.l  r.iii>ii.,  hr    fl   I'lil 
fr..m  l)iq.|.r  with   K.iiher  (i.iniiiT   .m.l    l-'.ithrt  iMuirl.iin,  .iii.l  .ilt<-r  .1 
(lornu  >.n.i|ir  rruhr.l   Mif.."!,  4  li"!.'  illiii.l  .it  llif  rntt.ini»  ..l'  I'hj- 
leur.  H.iy,  whftp  thi'   Ji  liiil.  thfn  hil  4  milli.'iMfv   lljll.'H.      Mrie  hf 
UndpJi  hut  ..I'ttr  a  ih.irl  itjv  |.r„.«,h.l  t"  liiifhr>,  in.l   4ttivrJ  in  th» 
lily  ..n  Ihr  1.1  ..f  j.il»  :  hi.  Ivv..  ...niiuni.m.  hi.l  .ihri.l*  l>  itd.l  .  r  thr 
H.i>  .n  millL.n     a  \>'nt  ..n.l  painful  voyagr    hx   ih.'  OtI.m..  ri.rr.      He 
(„I1..«T,I,  finhjikint'  in  hi.  Ir.iil  ..i.uK- at   Thti-c   Kurr.,  ,.n  ihr  14lh 
.It  ,\u^.iil.     "  It  »"ul,l  n.it  hr  ralv,"  la\.  hi',  in  a  hitfrlo  hi-  nmthff, 
"li.  .1i-i.iil  all  thr  iTiilVii.-.  Ill'  thr  v.iviff  1   hut  thr  l.-vr  "f  •."•I.  «h.> 
talli  u.  t.i  thnr  milli.in.,  an.l  "ur  .Irliir  ><(  .i.nttihuiini!  I..mrthin«  tu 
the  wMUr.li.m  ..I'  thrli-  |v«ir   lavat'i-,,  rrnlrt.  thi.   hi   Iwrrt,  llui   w» 
w.mia  n.il  p«.hani!f  thrl'.'  (lain.  I'ur  all  thr  juv.  .if  ratih.     Out  luml 
„n  thi- wa*  I.   a  litth'  Inlian  ..irn,  |..iiin.l.-il    hrtwrrn  l«.i  rtun",  an.l 
hiiilr,)   in   «affr   wiihuut   an>   liMlimingi  .luf   hr.l   thir   i-arth,   or   lh» 
friphtful  i,..k.,  lining  the  |!tpal   river,  s.huh  ri.llcl  hy  U5  in  thf  .Irit 
ni.i..nli|;ht,  f,.r   ».•  al»a>.    Ii-pt   i"   'hr  ..|Tn  ait,     Thf  [...(lurr  to  hf 
taki-n  in  ihr  .an.ic  i.  r>tirin.lv  imintthirnl ;  ynu  cjnn.il  Clrrt.h  uul 
your  he-,  lo  litllr  ami  .tan.pr.l  i-  it  ■■  l.at.rly  iln  \uu  vcntutr  m  ni.nr, 
i'iir  iVar  ..I  taplKinc  all   into   thr   rivrt.     I  wai   lotir.l  to  kfr|i  i.rtlrd 
filrn.r,  brini;  ahlr  niithi-r  t.i  un.lnltan.l   not  inakr  nulrll   un.lrrllooj 
by  my  Inlian-.      Anoth't  Lmrtr  iil   pain  anJ   hatillhi]'  i<,  thai   in   this 
vovagi-  »r  nipi-t  lijty  oi  ii|;ht\  .auiart",  or   watniill-,  »hiih  .Irf^rml 
fo  i-ri-i  ipitoulU,  an.l  I'rom  lu.h  a  hrijht,  ihit  thr  .anon  atr  oltrn  in- 
fullr.l  l.\  a|i|.rojJiinn  too  nrar  lli.'m.      We  m.lrr.l  »r.r  not  r«p..lej  tu 
thi',  a.  «<•  wrnt  airainll    he  lUtirnti  hut  wr  »im-  not  thr  Ir.i  ..hliijul 
to  lanl  vrry  Imiuintlv,  an.l  niakr  thr.intli  thr   npij'hhoiint;  rmki  and 
wooil  a  Jei  u'ul  a  lcai;ue  or  moir,  lojjr.l  with  our   ha^•^;a^r,  and  with 
rvrn  out  .an."-.      A>  lor  nir,   I   not  onU  .ariir.l   mv  liiih'  hun.llc,  hut 
I  alio  hflpr.l  I'Ut   In.liin-  an  I  i.-lirn.,l  ihrm  a<  nuuh  a«  I  i.uhl,  till  at 
IjH  a  hoy  lomr  t,.n  .r  t».hc  \rar>  oM,  brloneinR  t..  out  pain,  trll  li.k, 
ihrn  I  WJ.  I.r.i'l  i.>  .air\  l.iiii  .ii   ms  ihuuhlrtj  in  thr   ni.ii.  hrs  ot.a- 
huricl  U    •hi-  fall.,  ot'  «h..h  I  have   l|.ok.-n."     Thi.   an.l   thr   hi-avy 


[7] 


tiurdrni  »lii.  Ii  I"'  aftrrw.irili  li.i.l  In  har  br.iki'  him  il.mn,  fu  thi' 
(•..jii  jfUT  hii  arriv.il  at  llir  rnlllinn  nC  Si,  J.)l.|.|i'.,  U  Ihcnalirl.!,  i.c 
W4I  fnirtrjlril  hy  J  iljimrruui  iiuUily.  Dflliiutr  nf  every  luiuhle 
rrmnly,  ul'  I.kjiI,  jii.I  rvi-n  ul  uti-,  J»  lii»  lillow-miHiuniTi  imc  by 
oni-,  wcrr  |>rnllr.iti'.l  jt.iuml,  lir  IrullrJ  to  I'mviilrniP  alimf,  jn>l  I'oun 
ti'Livtml.  Hi'  w.ii  imniciliattly  initiilcl  iiilu  ,i  million.iiy  lilV  by 
KjiIi"  llrihiul,  .111.1  l|'i-iit  till- winlrr  ill  liurryinn  (turn  tern n  In  i,  wn 
tu  vilir  lilt  viaiiib  nl  .1  I'rltili'mr  ilirri  t,i|;m|!  lliruuiilHiut  ibr  munlry. 
LiUi'  .ill  ibi-  niillinn.iMf«,  hf  li.i.l  t.j  i.iiitird  fvrty  iiuli  nl  t'"""'  "ill' 
tlir  inr.liiinr  men,  wbn  l.iw  in  tlw  nrw  j|inlllii  tlip  .Irftmyrrs  ul  tlirir 
Inriutnic.  Thf  ftuJy  •>!  llif  l.ini:uii!i-  cnuiiji-.l  hi.  Uilurr  lioiir,  (  inJ 
when  the  vlolentr  nf  ihr  f|iijrmii  abatr.l,  he  iLiily  vililril  j  mimbir 
of  cjbinj  ti)  Ir.irn  the  pr.i<tiir,  tlirn  rrturni.l  l.i  lilti-n  in  the  tlitnry  uf 
the  Hutnn  l.^n^;ll.l^•l•  ripbinci  by  it»  rtrl>  nullir,  lltrbriir.  Aliii  fitt- 
\nf  unlv.itlii'.l  tlitnutiii  the  irrribli-  iirrlriuii.in  an.l  ininiini'nt  ilangiT  to 
whiili  tlic  iinllinn.iiii->  wrri'  i'«|».li'.l  wlii-n  tlic  |.l.n;iji'  hmkr  nul  .inrw  t 
yt.'t  Llli'l,  an.l  alm..lt  .lf|.i'..|.li'.l  ihi-  lan.l,  lalhiT  |..f.ur.,  witli  tlir  trlt 
of  ihi-  niilli.Murii-i,  ii-niinril  to  TrananltaNji-,  tlir  ii-mn.l  St.  J.ilipli'j 
(the  liilt  niilli..naiy  iLiliun,  lliunatitia.  bavin,;  .l«in.llril  In  a  fiw 
cabins.)  Wr  tiii.l  liim  nf«l,  with  tjarnirt,  laitying  tlir  I'mli  m  ihc 
IVtuns,  »b..  Iia.l  imbibtd  fmh  prfju.liif  a^jinll  tlirm,  that  ibr  i.mn 
KImaa,  unniin.lliil  »(  In.lian  hnljiiialitv,  ilnli-.l  in  HnntJ  a^ainll  tlicm 
In  ihr  ib'i.ili  .It'  winter,  an.l  i.ini|.rll|..l  tlir  niilli.m  irii-i  In  ar|iarl  iVum 
their  ungralelul  laliins.  Never  aiiain  lia.l  it  a  Iral-.n  nl'  niet.Vi  the 
ne»l  year  it  wai  a  licaii  nf  ruin-,  .lellmvc-.l  by  lamini-,  inlbliMue  ami 
Mar. 

On  bi>  return  li..ni  ihi-  p  liiilul  niillinn,  F.illirr  J..gur<  w.l.s  it.itinne.l 
at  ilii-  peinianenl  reii.len.e  uliuli,  un.ier  the  name  nt  St.  MatyV,  bad 
liiin  ..n  ilir  banki  nl'  the  ri\er  \N\e  .'Xs  in  nl.l  ..invents  a  Imlpiie 
ft.i.i.l  liar.l  In,  wlietc  the  w.iNt.iirr  nii^ht  enter  in,  an.l  «beie  ne.i- 
|.hvte>  lanie  Iruni  tile  ituilt  .llllant  villa^ej  l.i  tc.em,  away  tmni  the 
n.iile  nt  iheir  .nwn«,  lull  ^mi  [.arlitular  inllriu'li..n  in  the  truths  nf 
Cbriltianitv.  (■'mni  ibii  leinmirv  ilfue.!  many  nf  the  ablert  and  mnit 
fi'rienl  CaleJlilU  '<>  the  llur.in  I'bur.  h.  Kalher  J.i^ui-,  was  nnt, 
hnviever.  In  remain  here  l.inj;  :  the  Ji'luit,  like  the  fnldii-i,  i!  rvtr 
liable  tt)  rcieivc  orders  for  a  dillanl  manh.      In  the   lunioiet  uf  1641, 


M 


[«] 


xbc  ni-iglilvmng  n.itiiiii>  luJ  t;.itli<-ri-,l  in  tin-  IliM.m  t.miitrv  to  wiind's 
tlie  i:""''S  ''"■  >f-""^"  ■"<''  ''"■  ■''"■'"■"'■1>  J"^i"'  ■'"''  l"(:"l"i""*  "•"- 
monies  uttlu-  Ki-Jrt  olllu'  D.M.I.  Anions  th<-  nnl,  ..inii-  tin-  lUuuiti- 
j:,nioifuh.ik,  (Voni  ill.-  r.ii>i.l  nntl.-t  ..t"  l.-.k.'  Suivri.ir  Clunticl  with 
tlw  con.iu^  ol  til.-  million.iri.--,  tli.-v  inviti-.l  tli.-m  t.>  tlu-ir  lo.lg.-s,  .in.l 
I'.ltllt-r  R.ivmh.lvilt  WJS  tlu.li-n  tu  vilit  tllrni  Iruin  h\<  ikill  ill  Alt;.^- 
.]uin;  Katlicr  J.igiu-s  was  .illii;n.-J  tu  liim  .is  4  .nnip.ininn,  jn.l  tlli-y 
huiuhra  th.-ir  li.irk  in  S.-pl.-nil-rr  on  tin-  l'..-lh-\\  .ilrr  S.-.1 ;  Jn.l, 
w.in.li'.ini;  .inii.i  its  m.uf  ■•(  nl.--,  li.ilK.w.-.l  to  tli.-  In.li.iiis  nii.i.l,  ill 
li-M-nti-i-n  .Ijys  r.-.i.  Ii.-.l  llii-  S.iull  ,1.-  (i.ilton,  wlii.li  lii-n..l.irtli  .iir.iinrj 
in  till-  milium  .inn,:ls  tlu-  ii.inu-  w.-  Itill  ^n.  it— S.iuit  St.  .Mjiif. 
Hit.-,  whi-tf  tlu-  a.h.-nlur..us  Ni,..l.-t  !i.i.l  p.-n.-tt.itp,l  .1  l.-w  y-urs  br- 
(oii-,  |,i(;iu-s  Jn.l  Ra\mb.uilt  I'l.int.-J  1  C't..!*  lurni-.l  to  tin-  S.mtli, 
«lu-u-  J  yrcat  river  was  lai.)  t..  ih.-t.h  awj\  t..  a  >jrt  lak.-,  pjllinj:  by 
th<-  villagfs  ..r  k.iuntlrl's  tribes,  Tw..  lli..ulan.l  In.liaiis  all.nibli-.l 
i.niii.l  th.- I'l.  is,  an.l  liltcnt-.!  with  attrnti..n  t.j  llir  w.-r.ls  ..l"  tiiitli  ; 
th.-\  .-Jiii.ltiv  I'lPlli-.l  tbi-  nnlli..natirs  t..  win'i-r  with  llieni;  but  the 
Huron  1.111.1  ..-.liinii-.l  lli.-ni,  an.l  lliry  i.-tu.n.-.l  f..  llii-it  Libors  tli.i.-. 

Willi.-  tlu-  millionatu-s  wrrc  thus  rin-n.linj:  tbeir  Iplritual  ..iii.|iirrti 
on  ri.n  li.).-,  ili.->  »"■-  I'l-rlonally  r.-.liKi-.l  t.i  a  ftatr  ..I'  ni..lt  Irigtitl'ul 
p..%rii\  i  tli.ir  ii..thi-s  »■-..•  in  lliir.ls,  tbiir  littlr  11. .ik  ..I  Hour  lor 
liolK,  w.i-  .ill  ''lit  i-xpr-n.l.-.l  ,  lor  winr,  lbi-\  pirlfr.!  tliruil.l  ptajK-  .  f 
til.-  loiill,  but  .-u-n  ihi-n  tli.-v  b.i.l  n"t  .iMfurs  an.l  vrltnii-nls  riLiugh 
loi  tb.'  \a!i..us  million-.  Til.-  want  ol  thr  nirrr  ..imbnts  .il  lilV  liaj 
no  w.i(:lil  Willi  ;li.-nl,  I  .it  11. .w  ibry  n.-<-.lr.l  wlul  ..lul.i  not  b.-  t..n-- 
f.,n.-i  .iiiJ  lli"Ui:li  lb.-  lio.|u..i.,  wIi..1ukI  l.i  loiii.-tim.-  bj,  k  pi.n-nt.J 
all  inli-uourl.-  witli  yii.b.-. ,  llill  wivLul  lb.-  i.Jir.ii:r,  a  Kalb.r  nii.ll  be 
lent  :  the  Superior  lllte.l  to  Jo^ues  his  Wllh  that  he  ihoul.i  (;,.  ;  b.-  ba,l 
alre.i.l\  alke.l  ..('heaven  an  ....  alion  ul  Tulteiin^  ;  liis  I'tayet  was  b.ai.lj 
he  b...»e,l  bis  hea,l  an.l  .lepartel. 

I'jlliii^  unkathe.l  ami.!  a  th..uUn.i  .laiijiei-,  the  milh.  iiaiy  aii.i  his 
.lulkv  el... I!,  hea.ie,l  b>  a  buie  .in.l  t:allant  .  Iiiel'  Ahatlillari,  but  re- 
tenth  w.in  to  the  (:..rp.l,rea.he|  Tliiee  Rivei.  in  laletv .  A  lortni^bt 
li;rtive.l  1..  lettle  th.-  allao-  .il  the  ln,li..ii,  aii.l  ibeir  milli.'njn,  an. I  on 
theleL.in.l  Jay  .il' Auj;.,  1  641,  tw.i  ,l.n.  atler  ibr  leall  ..t  St.  I^-natiu-,  the 
f.,unJct  of  his  orJrr,  whish    he    .elebrate.l  with    hl>    brcth, en,  Father 


[9  ] 


Joyuc's  jgain  iVt  out.  On  the  ft'cond  i).»y  .1  trail  was  liikovtTcd  on  the 
(hole,  but  Ah.itliltiri  rel)ing  on  the  llreiit'tli  ol'  tlie  party  dnd  his  own 
bravery,  whiih  tht-  Irmiuois  had  recognized  in  many  a  riglit,  iirelfed  on. 
But  they  had  nut  advanced  a  mile  when,  as  they  paddled  on  near  to 
the  Ihorc  to  avoid  the  current,  a  vulley  i'uddenly  poured  upon  them 
from  the  reeds  and  tall  grals,  where  part  ot'the  Mohawks  lay,  the  red 
being  on  the  other  iide  ol'  the  river.  The  Hiironi  at  once  ran  alhore 
and  nearly  all  ried.  Twelve  or  luurtren  alone,  the  French  of  the  party 
and  a  lew  Indians  (loud  their  ground  agalnll  thirty  Molia\  ks  till  the 
otluT  party  ot  the  enemy  were  ieen.  then  all  tied.  Guupil  w.i»  takeii, 
Jogues  lurrendered  himlclt",  Couture,  a  brave  young  man,  w-a  t)ver- 
taken,  Ahathil.ui  came  back  to  endure  the  captivity  uMiie  millionary, 
whole  fortunes  he  had  promlfed  tu  iKire. 

When  the  Mohawks  had  all  returned  from  the  purluit  of  the  fugi- 
tives, they  fell  upon  Couture,  who  had  killed  a  brave,  and  wreaked 
every  cruelty  on  him.  The  millicnary  ran  up  to  ti^nfole  him,  when 
he  and  Cioupil,  a  young  man  who  had  devoted  himl'elf  to  the  fervice 
of  the  millions,  palfcd  through  the  fame  ordeal.  iWaten  with  clubs 
and  thongs,  their  nailb  torn  out,  their  lingers  gnawed  and  malhed,  they 
were  at  Lilt  left  bleeding  fenfelcfs  nulfes.  Their  i,tptor>  di\idi-d  the 
booty  -nd  killing  d\\  old  Huron  who  refuU-d  to  go,  they  crnired  the 
river  and  let  out  for  the  Mohawk  CalUcs.  The  I'litfering^  of  a  prifoner 
hurried  away  by  an  Indian  war  party  can  Icarccly  be  ex.iggerated,  bhtws 
were  not  fpared,  food  almoll  denied,  for».ed  to  paddle  whenever  they 
went  by  water,  loaded  by  packages  as  they  man  hed,  tied  down  at  night 
to  the  ground,  with  wounds  uncared  loi,  leet  lorn  by  rocks  and  briars. 
Yet  this  was  not  all.  As  they  went  up  Lake  Cluniplain  the)  met  a 
party  on  the  war  path,  who  fought  to  enl'ure  funcfa  by  ciuelty.  A 
fcarfold  was  railed  and  the  prifoners  forced  to  run  the  gauntlet. 
Jogues  foil  fenli-U'Ia  beneath  the  ihower  of  Idovv..,  .ind  was  lunne  to 
the  l»atio!d  to  fuller  new  cruelties. 

Alter  two  weeks  of  I'uch  mifery  they  reached  the  tirll  Mohawk 
C.iftle,  then  called  Olfernenon,  lying  beyond  Caughnawaga  cteek. 
Befoie  (.rolling  the  river  a  party  again  fell  upon  them,  and  they  crolfed 
tu  tun  the  gauntlet  through  the  villagt;  to  the  kaltold  creded  for  the 

Aa 


[  lo] 


purpofc  of  torture.  Here  they  wfre  beaten,  cut,  mutil.itcH,  Jt>Bue3 
and  Goupil  e.ich  h-ivin^:  .i  thumb  h.Kkcd  o(V. 

I.t'd  the  next  day  t<»  .mother  vlll.iye,  Andj^roron,  they  Jg.iin  r.in 
the  gauntlet,  and  were  tuttured  at  nit;ht  by  the  thildren  who  threw 
live  tiuls  in  them  .is  they  were  tied  down.  The  third  village,  Teo- 
nontojien  alio  delired  to  lee  the  French  pril'oners,  and  they  were  led 
in  triumph  to  th.it  Callle.  Here  the  milVionary  found  other  Huron 
ciptives  on  the  k-ilfold,  and  ali\e  to  his  milVionary  duties  prepared  and 
bapti/cd  the  tatevhumens  whom  he  I'ound.  All  ot  his  own  p-»rty 
whom  he  had  been  inftrudint:  (Vom  their  native  country,  he  had  al- 
ready broui:ht  within  the  pale  ol'the  Church,  (inte  his  lapture.  Bap- 
tizing the  old  nun  on  the  (bore  of  the  St.  Lawrente,  others  as  they 
crulfed  .1  rivulet  or  twam  a  larjier  Iheam,  he  here  locked  in  vain  for 
the  nccelTary  element  when  .\  Mohawk  threw  him  a  iKilk  of  maife, 
the  rain  drops  un  whi».h  he  larelully  t;athercd  to  adminiller  the  laira- 
ment. 

In  the  vill.)(;e  belide  the  ufual  tortures  Father  Jo^-ues  was  ti(;ht!y 
bound  by  the  a'ni.-.  and  Iiung  up  between  two  posts. 

Returning  to  Andagoton  they  were  to  receive  tiie  final  deiifion  of 
the  la».hems.  All  prepared  to  die,  but  the  voice  of  the  A^oyanderi 
condemned  to  the  lUk*:  only  Ahatlillaii  and  two  othet^,  one  of  whom 
was  put  to  death  in  each  town. 

Sinking  now  undir  their  haidlhip?.  (imues  and  his  comjunion  Gou- 
pil  almort  died,  but  nature  fitullv  rallied  and  they  recovered  to  meet 
new  threat*  of  death.  When  the  war  party,  who  had  majtreated 
them,  wa;  filled,  they  f'ught  to  atone  f.>r  their  ditippuintment  in  the 
blood  ol  the  French  priloners. 

Tlie  Dutch  at  Albany  heard  uf  the  white  captives,  and  Arendt  V^n 
Curler  with  rudile  generulity  proceeded  railv  in  September  to  the 
Cjftle<  nf  the  M  ihawks  to  endeavor  to  ranfom  them.  Prefenia,  j^ro- 
mifcs,  offers,  all  failed,  and  he  departed  without  haviny  atcomplillied 
his  benevult-nt  intcntiitn.  Jogues  was  foon  to  be  deprived  of  the  tom- 
panionlhip  ot'  his  fellow  prifoner  Goupil,  who  was  killed  l<v  his  ftde  by 
an  Indian  through  a  fuperftitious  motive.  The  milli.mjry  fought  to 
inter  his  bod\,  but  thry  defeated  his  pious  defign. 

His  wh-'k-  time  was  now  Ipent  In  pra\et,  meditation  or  reading  the 


[  ••  ] 


•*  Epiftif  to  the  Ht'hrcws  with  a  Cummentary,"  the  only  buok  that  had 
fallen  intu  his  hamls. 

In  OdubtT  Uv.  wjs  tjkcn  to  the  hunting  grounds,  and  having  begun 
to  rpf.ik  the  l.ingu.ige  upended  the  Indians  by  refufing  to  join  in  the 
wor(hij>ot"  Aircfkui,.ind  by  explaining  to  them  the  truths  ut'Chriftianity. 
Driven  out  of*  their  lodge,  he  (pent  his  time  kneeling  in  prayer  before 
a  tree  on  whith  he  carved  a  cruls,  or  reading,  the  golden  book  **  The 
Fulluwing  of  Chrift,'*  having  been  added  to  his  trealures. 

On  returning  to  'he  village  his  treatment  ws  I'ightly  improved: 
fonif  tlnthing  was  fent  him  by  a  native  of  Lorraine,  at  Albany,  and  in 
Indian  woman  adopted  him  as  her  fon.  The  mitmcnt  that  he  jbtain- 
cd  the  llightcrt  liberty  he  was  again  a  millionuy,  viftting  and  comfort- 
ing the  taptive  Chrirtian  Indians,  confeffrng  and  baptizing.  He  could 
not  indeed  iolleCl  tliem  for  worship,  and  in  his  mutilated  ftate,  with- 
out Vfltmetits  or  altar  vclfels,  could  not  celebrate  mafs. 

Yet  his  life  was  not  one  of  peace.  The  death  of  Goupil  might  u 
any  moment  be  his  nwn,  and  the  lengthened  abfence  of  a  war  party 
would  require  a  vidim  to  appeafc  the  manes  of  a  brave  mourned  as 
lort. 

As  their  (lave  he  was  taken  to  a  hlhing  ground  apparently  on  Sara- 
toga Lake,  and  foun  after,  obtaining  writing  materials,  endeavored  to 
communicate  with  his  countrymen.  But  tfirough  fear  or  policv  the 
Indian  rutinvrs  never  put  his  riril  letters,  in  hand.  The  (ourth  only, 
dated  on  the  lall  day  of  June,  1 643,  and  addrelfed  '.1  Latin,  French 
and  Huion,  to  M.  •!::  Champflour,  Governor  of  Three  Rivers,  reached 
its  det^ination.      It  was  a  timely  warning  uf  danger. 

A  month  later  a  party  let  out  to  trade  at  Fort  Orange,  now  Albany, 
and  then  go  fome  twenty  or  twenty-five  miles  down  the  Hudfm  to 
fith.  The)  took  the  captive  millionary  with  them.  While  they 
were  bartering  their  furs,  Kather  Jogut's  was  enabled,  by  the  kindncls 
of  the  Dutv  h,  to  write  a  long  and  elegant  Latin  account  uf  his  cap- 
tivity in  a  letter  to  his  Superior.  Proceeding  then  to  the  filhing 
ground,  he  refumed  his  laborious  life,  till  hearing  that  Huron  prifoners 
Iiad  been  brought  in  and  burned,  he  aflced  leave  to  return  to  the  vil- 
lage, mxious  to  give  his  ferviccs  to  the  dying  victims  of  fa v age  bar- 
barity. 


Aa  ij 


[  I^  ] 


On  ri'aihing  Alli.iny  lie  liMincil  that  tlic  Mohjwks  wrrr  tliirrting 
for  his  blood,  jiiJ  only  awaited  his  rc'utn  lo  put  him  to  di-ath  with 
every  torture.  The  Dutch  tunimander  Van  C'urlrr  urjirJ  him  to 
cl'cjfc,  mJ  oticrtd  him  a  palTa^e  in  j  velfrl  lying  in  the  river,  and 
bouud  to  the  coaft  of  France,  alter  touching  at  Virginia.  Jogucs  at  firft 
ftirunk  t'rom  involving  them  in  diHitulnes  with  the  Indians,  and  thii 
being  ovenomr,  to  the  aftonilhnu-nt  of  all,  afked  a  night  to  retted  on 
it.  Spending  the  night  in  prayer  he  deliberated  on  the  lourlc  to 
purl'uc,  and  having  io:ninied  hinilell' that  he  ».is  not  abandoning  the 
poll  oiduty,  announicd  in  the  niutning  hi;  intention  to  elVapc.  When 
the  ncut  night  tanie  he  lay  down  with  a  party  ot'Indiai.s  in  a  barn, 
and  while  examining  the  route  for  liight  was  badly  bitten  by  a  dog, 
and  the  fufpiiion  of  the  Indians  arouicd  ;  but  ti^wards  day  he  manage"! 
to  get  out  and  reaili  a  boat  lelt  for  his  ul'c.  It  was  however  far  from 
the  water,  and  he  almoU  failed  in  launching  it.  At  lalt,  however,  he 
got  it  alloat,  and  reached  the  \tlM,  where  he  was  at  onie  put  in  the 
hold.  His  ell  ape  feenred  now  certain,  hut  the  Indians  were  lo  en- 
raged and  violent  in  their  threats  that  he  was  by  night  brought  on 
Ihote,  to  be  given  up,  if  nothing  elfe  could  be  done.  The  Mohawkf 
wire  n.it  lalih  appeafed,  and  it  was  not  till  the  middle  of  September 
tb.it  thfv  contented  to  receive   prefents 

Then  hr  was  lent  .lown  to  Sew  .Vmlterdam  wheie  (iovernor 
Kielt  received  him  niort  kindh,  dolhed  him  and  diclfed  his  wounds. 
His  lUy  enabled  bini  to  draw  up  the  account  here  given  of  the  Itate 
of  the  Dutch  colony. 

The  I'eijucl  of  hb  career  alter  bis  captivity  can  be  Iho'tly  told.  He 
left  New  ^'ork  in  a  fnull  bark  on  the  ^th  of  Ni>venlher,  dn>\  after 
much  hardihip,  put  into  Falmouth,  in  Kngland,  having  almoll  fallen 
into  the  han.ls  of  a  l*atliament  cruifer.  Here  their  birk  was  entered 
by  robbers,  and  F.  J.igues  ftripped  of  lii>  lut  and  coat.  Having  l«n 
a  French  collier,  he  went  u))  to  him,  and  though  at  tirrt  taken  for  a 
beggar,  made  known  his  real  character,  and  obtained  palFage  to  the 
French  coail,  which  he  reached,  between  Hrell  and  St.  I'ol  de  Leon 
on  Cliriftmas  I)av,  earlv  enough  to  fatiiVy  his  ilevotion  by  receiving 
communion,  of  which  he  had  io  long  been  deprived. 

A  good    merchant    tmjk    him    to   Rriiiies  :   unknown,   he  ptefented 


[  13  ] 


liimItU'  at  the  culli'gf  ol'  lii*  oriU-r  .ii  one  who  hruuglit  news  frum 
Canjilj.  The  Rcclor,  who  wjf  prfpirinj!  to  I'jy  Mjfj,  huirieJ  to  Ice 
the  ftrjnfer  as  foon  as  he  heard  the  word  Canada.  Alnioft  his  tirft 
ijuertion  was  as  to  Father  Jojiues.  "  13o  yuu  know  him  ?"  "  I  know 
him  well,"  laid  ihe  other.  "  We  have  heard  of  his  capture  by  the 
Iroquois,  and  his  horrible  turt'eiinj:s.  What  has  become  ut'  him  ?  Is 
he  iViU  alive  ?"  "  He  is  alive,"  laid  F.  Jogues ;  '*  he  is  Iree,  he  is  now 
Ijieaking  to  you  !" — and  he  call  liimlelf'  at  the  feet  of  his  aftonilhed 
Superior  to  alk  his  blelling. 

Oiue  known,  honours  met  him  on  every  lide  j  obje<5ls  belonging  to 
him  were  ea^jerly  fought  as  relics;  the  ^ueen  Regent  even  re^ju'-rted 
that  he  (hould  come  to  I'aris,  that  Ihe  might  fee  fo  ilhillriuus  a  fuf- 
ferer.  All  this  was  painful  to  him,  and  it  was  not  till  three  times 
fummoned  that  he  proceeded  to  the  capital.  He  longed  to  return  to 
Canada  ;  but  one  thing  prevented  his  departure,  The  mangled 
hands  which  had  been  rever-ntly  kilfcd  by  the  yuecn  and  Court  of 
France,  were  an  obllacle  to  his  celebrating  the  Holy  Sacririce  of  the 
Altar.  .A  difpenfation  was  needed.  The  I'ope  exclaimed,  as  he 
granted  it,  "  Indignum  elfc  Chrifli  martvrem  Chrilli  non  hibere  fan- 
guinem." 

Nothing  now  detained  the  millionary  in  France  j  and  early  in  the 
fpring  of  i5+4  he  w.15  again  in  Canada.  The  colony  wa  on  the 
brink  of  ruin;  but  the  Governor  firtunately  brought  the  Mohawks 
to  olfei  peace.  A  treaty  was  condudeil  at  Three  River.>  on  the  I  Jth  of 
July,  1(145.  Father  Jogues,  though  llationed  at  .Moi-itreal,  was  pref- 
cnt,  and  an  anxious  obferver  of  the  Itate  of  feeling.  'I'iie  treatv  a 
at  lart  confirmed  on  the  Mohawk,  and  again  renewed  on  the  St. 
I^awrence,  with  a  rccjueft  for  a  milliinarv. 

Conk ious  that  he  would  be  feleiled.  Father  Jogues  announced  to 
his  Iriends  his  perilous  million — lf>v  rr  n;n  rfjthj;  and  in  April, 
1646,  readilv  aciepted  it  when  ollered  by  his  Superior. 

Though  a  niilfi,>n  was  rcfolvcd  upon,  it  was  thought  better  that  he 
rtlould  go  firll  as  ambalfador,  and  was  accord,  'gly  lent  viith  .\Ir. 
Bourdon,  an  officer  in  the  employ  of  the  colony.  Of  his  embaifv, 
the  milIio;ury  drew  up  a  full  .iccuunt,  which  was  in  exigence  till 
iSoo,    when    it    wa«,    with    other    paper:    belonging    to    the    Canada 

Aa  iii 


[    '4] 


Jcluits,  leijrJ  by  ilir  Iltitllh  Goxi-rnmrnt,  It  lias  now  .liupprari-.l. 
The  "  Ri'btion,"  wli'kli  Joukli-ts  tullcwi-d  it,  Oustli.it  ilir\  lili  TliifC 
RiMTs  onthf  ihlli  nlMu,  1(46,  with  luur  Muhjwks  an.l  two  Alt;i.n- 
quins.  Arienainf  tin-  Sotcl,  tho  travirlcl  l.aki-  rl'>mplait>,  and  on 
the  iylh  i.r  May  riuthr.l  the  Inautiful  laltf  l»-l'  *  it.  It*  Itoquoi. 
namr  was  AnaiataroClc  :  for  Kuroprans  it  was  withmit  a  name,  but 
as  it  was  thi-  i-m-  "I  C'otpus  I'brilli,  the-  iVilival  iiiilitutfj  h\  the 
Chiirili  to  liimor  ChriiVs  pti-frnn'  in  thp  Holv  Sa.uim-nt,  the  mil- 
fionar>  gaic  it  the  namr,  whiih  it  bor;-  (or  niotc  than  a  trntut)  — 
Lai  Saint  Savtemcnt. 

I'ontinuint;  thrir  march,  thry  lanii'  to  Olfara^;!!!,  a  tiihinj:  iVition  on 
;hc  Mauriu',  or  I'ppc-r  HuJi.mi,  which  thrv  dfC. nidcl  to  Fort  Otan^c. 
When  the  niillionary  ha.l  lim-  repaid  his  debt  ul  (!t,ilitude  to  his  fv- 
neroiis  bi-neladors,  the  enibally  proceeded  to  the  M.di.iwli.  The  tlrll 
laltle  was  reached  on  the  -th  oC  June,  its  name  had  I'een  changed 
iVom  Oir.-rmnon  to  ()ne',i.j;'i.re.  Here  Jogues  was  welcomed  a>  j 
I'rieii.l :  a  council  of  Sachems  was  foon  convened,  and  he  delicered  the 
prel'ent'  ol'  the  (iovernor,  and  in  a  dilVoutri',  Hill  preler\ed,  urjred 
them  to  ihouflit!  ol'  peace.  Me  wjs  heard  with  attriitiori,  .ind  re- 
Iponded  to  in  a  limilir  Itraiti.  Accordinj;  to  Indian  cultom,  he  pre- 
fented  a  belt  otwaniporn  to  the  tribe  into  which  he  hail  been  incor- 
porated The  Woir  replied  that  OndfironU  .nmild  ever  lind  among 
them  his  mat  to  relt  upon,  and  a  tire  ui  warm  him. 

Another  prelent  wa-  >et  to  be  made.  (o^ruei  had  remarked  amonj: 
the  Ipec'lators  I'ome  <)nondaj:a  braves,  and  to  thele  alio  he  made  a 
prelent,  to  I'ni'ii'th  the  ».iy  tor  the  French  to  tlieit  l.md  ol  lakrs. 
This  was  cheerTullv  anejted;  .ind  Jojiues,  no  L.nyer  a  temj^iral 
envov,  turne.l  t"  111-  ij'iritu.il  .ico,  ari-.ns  The  captive  Chrirtians  were 
loon  vilited  and  conli>led,  the  I'acraments  ol  baptifm  or  jx-nance  con- 
ferred on  many ;  but  he  could  not  dela\  M  long  as  his  jeal  delired. 
The  Iroijuois  prelfed  his  departure,  and  on  the  Ihlh  he  left  their 
cartles  lor  the  St.  I,.iwrenci'.  As  he  eipected  to  return  I'l'eeililv,  he 
left  a  box  containing  his  little  millionar>  furniture  :  the\  Ihowed  a 
dilinclination  to  keep  it,  but  as  he  tiprncd  it  in  their  prcfencc  he 
thought  their  I'ulpicion-  dilpelled,  and  went  hi?  w.i\. 

On  iii;  jrriul   in  Canada,  joy,  I'uch    .11    had    not   leen    known   for 


[  'S] 


years,  quickcnei)  every  hiMrt,  (nr  all  lud  been  I'u  rul'iiicious  ul'  the 
Moli.iwks,  thjt  publii;  pr.iyers  lud  licen  conihntly  otJered  tor  the 
milliun.iry  dn-i  liia  companiun. 

His  ininu'iii.irc  return  to  tlu-  Moh.iwk  wjs  nuw  ciiicdi'il  i  but  fud- 
dfiily  (luTC  cjnic  m\lhTii>ii>  rumurs,  and  tin*  Su[ifriur3  piulfd.  Jugucs 
mull  not  ^o,  Itut  a  thr  luninuT  wore  on  all  became  ijuict,  and, 
yielding  to  liih  entteaty,  tlie  Superior  permitted  him  to  tlepart.  In 
September,  ift+fi,  he  bit  Three  River  tor  the  lalt  time  with  Lalande, 
I  worthy  rutcelTor  ol'Goupil,  and  lomc  Hurons.  As  they  advanced, 
they  heard  tidinjta  which  Teemed  pufitivc  as  to  the  end  ol'  the  peace  ; 
I'ome  Hurons  left  them,  but  Jogues  went  fearlellly  on.  Afier  the 
return  ofthel'e,  the  French  were  lel't  in  the  greatcll  anxiety  and  un- 
certainty as  to  his  late.  Months  rolled  by,  and  no  tidings  reached 
them  :  at  lall,  alnupll  at  the  rariie  time,  they  heard  tVom  lonie  Hurons, 
who  bad  cl'caped  I'rorn  the  Mohawk,  an  account  of  his  death,  and  re- 
ceived letters  horn  (iovernor  Kieft  which  conlirnied  it 

The  Indian  account,  an  preferved  in  the  matiufcript  of  Father  Bu- 
teu«  and  Father  Oc  yucn,  is,  that  when  the  millionary  was  within 
two  day's  march  of  the  talUcs,  that  is,  halfway  between  Lake  George 
and  thr  .Mohawk,  he  was  met  by  a  war  party  out  againrt  the  Frem  h. 
The  millionary  and  hil  companion  were  immediately  I'eized,  and  in 
fpite  of  his  renionftrancca  llripped  and  bearcn  ;  they  then  turned 
homewar.l,  and  Father  Jogues  was  again  led  naked  into  Gatulawague, 
the  place  of  his  firmer  captivity.  Illows  were  mingled  with  threats  of 
death  on  the  morrow.  "  Vou  ihall  not  be  burned,"  they  cried;  "you 
Ihall  die  bene.ith  our  hatcheti,  and  your  heads  ihall  be  lined  on  our 
palifades,  to  ihuw  your  brethren  wh<ini  we  take."  In  vain  did  he 
endeavor  to  e»pofe  the  injulVke  of  treating  him  as  an  enemy, 
wlien  he  came  the  meirenger  of  peace  :  deal  to  the  voice  ot  realon, 
and  blinded  by  fuiHirrtiiiun,  they  began  their  butchery.  Slicing  oil' 
the  llelh  from  hi,  arms  and  back,  they  cried,  "  Let  u»  fee  whether  this 
white  llelh  is  the  Helh  of  an  Otkon."  "  1  am  but  a  man  like  jour- 
felves,"  replied  the  dauntlefs  millionary,  "though  1  fear  nut  death, 
nor  sour  tortures.  You  do  wrong  to  kill  me.  i  have  come  to  your 
country  to  preferve  peace  an.l  Ihengthen  the  land,  and  to  ihow  you 
the  wav  til  heaven,  and  yi'u  tie.it  me  like  a  dog!  Fear  the  challife- 
ment  of  Him  who  rule,  both  the  Indian  and  the  French  '" 


[   t6  ] 


In  r|>itc  1)1'  thri'  (lircir-  \\'\y  latf  w.is  utuln  MimI.  ():*  the  tlirrc 
gri'jt  r.imilics  in  i-.Kh  tril»r,  the  Hcu  w.is  iLimitr'Hi*  t'.ir  M.'«  .1,  whilf 
the  TuitDilf  anJ  his  own,  th'-  VVmIi',  .irj-irc^l  fh.it  he  lli.iuM  live.  A 
council  wjs  talicil  in  the  bti:rlMown  :  it  was  thcrr  .liM.hJ  tli.il  hf 
ihoul.i  he  t'partsl  i   luit  it  w.\$  too  l.itr. 

Towards  cvrninj:,  on  the  d.iy  .Htfr  his  arriv.il,  lunn-  Inilians  of  the 
Bcir  tjmily  came  to  in\tti*  him  ly  lupi'cr  j  he  rule  to  foUow,  hut 
Tcjrcc  h4il  he  lloopid  to  rnrri  the  h«li:c,  when  an  ln.li.in,  t.'ntcaU%J 
within,  lj'r.in^'  Kirw.trd,  an.l  tlcill  him  .i  terrihlt*  bK>w  with  his  hjtthct. 
Kiotlicton,  the  .iepuly,  who  h.tl  vimluJcd  the  pcue,  threw  up  hii 
arm  lo  avert  the  hi<iw,  hut  it  lut  throii^jh  hi>  arm,  and  link  Jeep  in 
the  head  v(  the  millionuy.  HU  heaj  was  then  lUt  ot)\  anJ  trl  iin 
the  pjlil'a.le.      Hia  companion  lliarcd  hi>  tate. 

On  the  ^th  ofjune,  i'i4-,  the  i)a>  alter  the  reu-ptinn  ut  tlir  letters 
from  the  Outvh  authoritir*,  a  r.'Iemn  MalV  ..f  the  Dim  I  waj 
ofU'ri\l  up  .\t  (Juehev  j  i>ut  •'  we  n.uM  Hi  i,"  l.i\s  K.ijiurnrau,  "  ''rint; 
ourleUe*  to  oti'er  (".t  him  tfir  prj\et!'  cil'  the  .Ica-l,  Weuflr.ed  the 
jiorahh' riiriliie,  hut  in  thanklj^ium^  r>>r  the  lav^Ts  whiih  he  hat) 
re^eivel  from  ftmi.  I.ait)  anJ  rrlifriuu*  lli.ne  cur  I'mtiment*  un  this 
happy  JtMth,  jn>i  more  Merc  I.iuti.l  ini  lined  to  in\<'kf  |ii>  ail  than  t** 
pray  r'ur  hi*  rep.iir." 

The  CathoUi:  tler^iy  ut  our  rtate  niav  well  he  proud  ut*  I'u  illul'- 
trious  a  founder,  fur  he  wa>  the  tirlt  ptieil  wIkj  entrred  or  labored  in 
the  iit\  and  itate  ->!  N(\\   Y.'rk. 

Hi>  lutlrriri^i  and  tiiil-  now  tind  a  plaie  in  c\rry  hillory  of"  our 
Cjuntr)  i  Init  wi*  mul^  ii"t  fnlldrr  liitij  as  .1  niere  explorer  of  the 
wildrrnels,  borne  up  j*erhap>i  by  reltjiious  enthuliat'm.  He  wai  a 
man  »)!*  deep  and  lender  piers,  ol"  eitra^rdinary  candor  iuA  opennelV 
of  ti'ul,  timid  b\  nature,  vet  ut'  tried  toura^ie  and  heroic  tirmnel'sj  a 
man  who  law  all  in  (ind,  and  in  all  reli^'ned  hinilelt'  to  the  directing 
hand  i)t' Provivienie.  Tu  nijkrd.-d  known  jr  the  rxprnle  i.t"  [HTronal 
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luperior  men  who  rile  hum  tinu*  to  tinie  in  the  Chur».h,  I'u  diftin- 
guilhed  iVom  all  around  h\  an  imprefs  ul'  lanctitv,  hv  a  prertigr  ol'  all 
Chtillian  virtue,  a)  t"  m.ike  u>  look  without  artonilliinent  on  even 
miia^uluu"  powers  in  their  lund:. 


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NOVUM    BELGIUM. 

1644. 

A  Noiivcllc  I  lollandc  que 
_,  .^  Ics  I  lollandoisappclkntcn 
^S^^^  Latin  Novum  Ik'lgiiim  ; 
en  Iciir  langiie  Niciiw  Ncdcrland, 
c'dt  a  dire  Noveaiix  Pays-bas  eil 
fitiiee  entre  la  V'irginie  et  la  Nou- 
velle  Angleterre.  I/entree  de  la 
riviere  que  quelques  uns  appellent 
la  Riviere  Nail^ui  ou  la  grande 
Riviere  du  Nord  pour  la  ditVerenee 
d'une  autre  qu'ils  appellent  du  Zud, 
quelques  cartes  ee  me  lemble  que 
j\iy  \'u  nouvellenV,  Riviere  Mau- 
rice   lW  a  4.0   deg.    ^o  min.      Son 


10  Novum  Belgitiffi. 

canal  clt  protond  ct  capable  tk.s  plus 
gros  navircs,  qui  montciit  a  Man- 
hattc's  Ulc  qui  a  7  licucs  tic  circuit, 
ou  eft  un  fort  qui  dcvoit  Ictn  ir  dc 
commcnccm'  a  unc  villc  qui  Ic  dc- 
voit fairc  ct  que  Ton  dcvoit  appcler 
Nouveau  Amikrdani. 

Ce  fort  qui  eft  a  la  pointe 
dc  Tiftc,  environ  5  ou  6  licucs 
dc  remhoucluirc  s'appcllc  le  tort 
d'Amilerdam,  il  a  4  haiHons  regu- 
liers  munis  dc  plui'icurs  pieces 
d'artillerie.  Tons  ces  baftions  ct 
Ics  courtincs  nVltoient  en  Tan  1643 
qucdctcralTcsqui  la  plulpiU^t  etoient 
tout  cboulees  ct  par  Ics  quellcs  on 
cntroit  dans  le  tort  dc  tons  Ics  cn- 
droits,  il  n'y  avoit  point  dc  tollc/, 
il  V  avoit  pour  la  garde  dud'  tort  ct 
d'un  autre  qu'ils  avoient  taict  plus 
loing  contre  Ics  incurtions  des  Sau- 
vages  leurs  enncmis  60  toldats,  on 


Nov  tun  Belgium.  \\ 

commcn^oit  ii  rcvctir  dc  picrrc  Ics 
portcs  ct  Ics  bafHons.  Dans  cc  fort 
il  y  avoit  un  temple  bafty  dc  picrrc 
cpii  ctoit  alTc/  capable — Ic  logis  du 
(Joiivcrncur  qu'ils  appcllcnt  Ic  Di- 
rc(^tciir  CiiTal  baity  dc  briqiic  afTcz 
gcntimcnt,  Ics  magazins  ct  logc- 
mcnts  dcs  foldats. 

11  pent  bicii  y  avoir  en  ccttc  illc 
dc  Maiihatc  ct  aiix  environs  4  a 
ciiuj  ccns  honimcs  dc  diffcrcntcs 
((.'(^tcs  ct  nations,  Ic  Dircdciir  (Jnal 
mc  difoit  qii'il  y  avoit  dc  dix-hiiid 
fortes  dc  langiies,  ils  font  rcpandiis 
dc  ya  ct  dc  la  riviere  en  haiit  ct  en 
bas  Iclon  que  la  beaiite  ct  la  com- 
moditc  dcs  lieiix  a  invite  un  chacun 
a  Ic  placer,  quclqucs  artifans  neant- 
moins  qui  travaillcnt  dc  Icur  metier 
font  rangez  foubs  le  fort,  touts 
les  autres  etants  expofez  \\\\  incur 
fions  dcs  Sauvages  qui  en  Tan  1643 


12  Novuri  Bclghiin. 

commc  j'tltois  la  avoicnt  l>icii  tiic 
uiK-  qiiaraiitaiiK'  dc  Hollaiulois  ct 
hriillc"  luaiicoiip  ilc  mailons  ct 
granges  pkincs  dc  lilcd. 

La  Riviere  qui  dt  tort  droitiirinr 
ct  va  rcglcmciit  Nord  ct  Slid  ell 
large  pour  Ic  moius  irune  lieuc 
dcvant  Ic  I'ort.  l.cs  navircs  lont  a 
raiHTc  eii  unc  Have  qui  taic:-!  1  autre 
colK-  de  Tide  ct  ellcs  peuveiit  ellrc 
dclcnducs  ihi  I'Ort. 

IVu  de  temps  dcvant  que  i'y 
arrivalfc  il  v  ctoit  venu  ;  gros  na- 
vircs de  ^^co  tonucatix  pour  charger 
du  bled  deux  avoieiit  eu  Icur  charge, 
le  3'  navoit  pu  ctre  charge  a  caulc 
que  Ics  Sauvagcs  avoicnt  briHlc  \  nc 
partic  des  grains.  C'es  navircs 
ctoient  partis  des  IndcsOccidentales 
ou  la  C'onijxignie  des  VV'cil-Indcs 
entrctient  d'ordinaire  di\-lcpt  vail- 
feaux  de  guerre. 


Novum  Belgium,  \^ 

W  n'y  ciVxcrcicc  dc  Religion  que 
(Ic  la  C'alviiiilk-  ct  k.s  orcircs  portent 
de  nadmettre  autre  perfoiuie  que 
Calvinifk's,  neantmoins  cela  ne  fe 
garde  pas,  y  ayant  dans  cette  ha- 
bitation outre  les  Calviniik's,  C^a- 
tlioliques,  Puritains  dWngleterre, 
I.utlieriens,  Anabaptiiks  qu'ils  ap- 
pellent  Mnilks,  6ce. 

Ouand  quelqu'un  vient  de  nou- 
veau  po'  habiter  le  pays  on  le  monte 
de  chevaux,  \ aches,  ike.,  on  luy 
donne  des  vivres,  il  rend  tout  cela 
quand  il  eil  accommode  et  pour  les 
terres  au  bout  de  dix  ans  il  bailie  a 
la  C":oinpag'  de  Weit-indes  la  dix- 
ime  des  biens  qu'il  recueille. 

C'e  pays  a  pour  bornes  du  cofle 
de  la  Nouvelle  Angleterre  vne 
Riviere  qu'ils  appelient  la  Riviere 
I'relche  cpii  fert  de  borne  entre  eux 

et  les  Anglois,  neantmoins  les  An- 

Biij 


14-  Nuvian  Belgium. 

glaiss'approiluiu  tort  tlcii\,avnKins 
niicux  a\()ir  ilcs  tcrrcs  ilic/  Ics 
lloraiulois  qui  nc  kiir  ikiiiaiuiciit 
licii  ijuc  lie  ilcjKiuliv  iks  Millonls 
Auglcis  (.jiil  exigent  iles  reile\aii<.es 
et  qui  veulleiit  treiK lur  ties  alilolus. 
Del'autre  lolle  ilu  Suil  vers  la  \'ir- 
Ujinie,  elle  a  pour  liinites  la  Riviere 
qu'ils  appelleiU  liu  /uil  ilans  la- 
quelle  il  \  ;«  auili  uue  habitation 
de  I  lollaiuiois,  niais  a  Teutree  les 
Sueilois  V  en  ont  une  extrenV 
bien  nuinie  tie  eanon  et  tie  gens. 
On  eroit  tpie  ee  font  niareliantls 
trAnilk-rtlani  tjui  entretrennent  ees 
Suetlois  talthes  tie  ee  que  la  Coni- 
pag'  ties  Iiules  oeeitlentales  a  elle 
feule  tou  le  eoninieree  tie  ees  eon- 
trees,  ('"eit  vers  eette  Rivit-re 
qu'on  a  trouw  a  ee  tjue  Ton  tlit 
vne  mine  tl'or. 

\'ove/    tlans  le  livre  tin  Sr.  Dc 


Novum   Relgiirm.  15 

Laet  DWnvcrs  la  tabic  ct  Ic  dif- 
'-■oiirsdcla  Noiivcllc  Mclgic  commc 
'I  TappcIIc  c|iic'K|iic'lV<)is  on  la  Map- 
pcnioiulc    Noi.i     ^M-.LiA,     Norv 

Bei.CILM  ET  riKdlSLi. 

II  y  a  l-ticii  50  ans  que  Ics  I  lollan- 
dois  voiit  cii  CCS  cjiiarticTs.  I/an 
1615  Ic  fort  fur  commence.  I)c- 
piiis  environ  20  ans  on  a  com- 
mence a  riiahituer  ct  maintenant 
il  y  cicja  i|iiclc|iie  petit  commerce 
de  la  \'irginie  ct  de  la  NoiivcIIe 
Angleterre. 

I.es  j)rcmicrs  veniis  y  ont  troiive 
des  terrcs  toutes  propres  dercrtees 
autrefois  par  Ics  lanvagcs  cpii  v 
hiifoient  leiirs  chamj)s.  C'eiix  cjui 
lont  venns  depiiis  ont  defViche  dans 
Ics  bois  cpii  font  po'I'ordinairc  des 
chelnes,  Ics  terrcs  font  bonnes.  La 
chalk-  des  cerfs  vers  Taiitomnc 
abondante.      Il  y  a  cjuclcpies   logis 


i6 


Novum  Behium, 


halhs  dc  picrrc;  ils  lout  la  tliaiix 
avcf  dcs  coqiiillcs  il'luiilhcs  tlontil 
V  a  lie  grans  inonccaiix  taits  autre- 
fois p  Its  lamagt's  qui  vivcnt  en 
partie  ik-  irtte  pck  he. 

I.ctliinat  vclHort  doiix.  C^oni- 
nu-  tlhuita+o,i]cii.\  ticrsil  \  a  force 
fruits  iri'urope  tonuiie  poninies, 
poires,  eerilLs.  I'v  arrive  en  Octo- 
bre  et  i'v  trouve  eneore  ijuantite 
tk'  IVk  Iks. 

MoMtant  k'  long  ile  la  Riviere 
jukpies  au\  4  ^  ilegre  vous  trouve/ 
la  1  luihitaoli  a  la  ijuelle  le  flux  et 
refUix  nioute  et  lie  pafle  pas  plus 
avaiit :  les  iia\  ires  lie  100  et  tie  fix 
vingts  v  peuveiit  ahortfer. 

11  V  a  ileux  ehoks  en  eette  hahi- 
tatioti  tjui  s'appelle  Reulelaerlwiek. 
eoninie  tjui  tliroit  riuihitac'Tii  de 
Reuielaers,  cpii  efi  un  riehe  inar- 
chand  trAnifkrdaiii.      PremierenV 


Novum  Belgium.  17 

iin  mcTchaiit  petit  fort  iiomme  It- 
Fort  d'Orciigc  hafly  dc  piciix  avcc 
4  oil  5  pieces  de  Hreteuil  et  aiitaiit 
de  pierriers  que  la  Compag'  de 
Weli-iiides  sVit  referve  et  qu'elle 
entretieiit.  C^e  fort  etoit  aiitreffois 
dans  line  lile  que  faiet  la  Riviere, 
maiiitenant  il  elUn  terre  ferme  du 
eoile  des  lliroqiiois  iin  peu  au 
deiriis  de  la  d'^  I  lie.  SeeondenV 
line  Colonie  qu'y  a  envoye  ee  Ren- 
felaers  qui  en  eit  le  Patron.  Cette 
colonie  ell  compolee  d'environ  cent 
perfonnes  qui  denieurent  en  25  011 
30  maifons  hallies  le  longde  la  Ri- 
viere felon  que  chacun  a  trouve  la 
commodite.  Dans  la  principale 
maifon  eH  loge  celuy  qui  ell  de  la 
part  du  Patron  :  le  Minillre  a  la 
fienne  a  part  dans  laquelle  fe  fait 
le  Prefche.  Il  y  a  aulli  comme  un 
Haillif  qu'ils  appellent  Senechal  qui 


f8 


Novum   Behinm. 


a  loin  dc  la  jiilHic.  I  oiitcs  Icurs 
niailons  nc  font  i|iic  ik- [ilaiulics  ct 
font  louvcrtcs  ilc  chauim'.  II  iiy 
cncor    point   ilc   iiiairoiicric   liu< 


)n 


ans 


Ics  cl 


HinilKCS. 


Lcs  1 


d^ 


v)is  portaiis  hcaiuoiip    ilc 
gros  pins,  ils  font  ile  plaiulus   par 


li 


ik-  1 


c    movcn  lie  Icurs  nioiiluis,  cju  lis 


ont  a  tct 


:^ 


M> 


ft. 


lis  ont    troiivr   ijuikpifs    tcrrcs 


toiitt's     proprcs    tiiic 


propr 


avoicnr  aiitrtlfois 


ir. 


'V 


k-s  i: 


niva 


gc« 


prt| 


\irics  oil    us 


knitiit  (.ill  hkd  ct  tic  Tavoinc  iV  la 


hi 


trc  ct  p 


ks  tl 


icvaiix  I 


iont  il 


s  ont 


raiulc    cjuantitf 


II 


V  a   pen 


lie 


tcrrcs  pprcs  pour  dhc  laliourccs 
ctans  prclfcz  ilcs  colks  ipii  font 
luvaifcs  tcrrcs:  cda  Ics  oliliirc  ilc 


n\ 


fclk 


igc 


oigncr    ics  uns    ilcs    autrcs    c* 

ticnncnt  dcja  deux  ou  ;  licucs  dc 
pays. 

La    traitte  ell    lihrc    a   tout   le 


Novum   Belgium.  ig 

nioiulf,  cc  qui  fai<it  cjiic  Ics  faii- 
vaj'cs  (Hit  routes  chofts  a  grand 
marcht',  uii  cliatun  ilcs  I  lollaiuiois 
allant  au  dcfllis  dc  Ton  tonipagiion 
ft  fc  con  ten  taut  pourvcii  cju'il 
|)uiircgangnLTc|ucIc|uc'  petite  chofc. 

('ettc habitation  n'dipascloignce 
dc  plus  dc  2olicucsdes  Agnichro- 
nons,  on  y  va  ou  par  tcrrc  ou  par 
cau  la  Riviere  fur  la  ipielle  font 
les  Irocjuois  allant  toniber  en  eelle 
cjui  palfe  aux  I  lollaiuiois,  mais  il  y 
a  beaueoup  de  balfes  rapides,  et  un 
fault  dune  petite  demie  lieue  ou  il 
taut  porter  le  eanot. 

II  y  a  plulieurs  nations  entre  les 
deux  habitations  des  Hollandois 
eloigners  Tune  di-  lautre  de  ;,o 
lieues  d'Alleniagne  e'eit  a  dire  de 
50  ou  60  lieues  I-raneoifes.  Les 
Loups  ipie  les  Irotjuois  a,,pellent 
Agotfaganens  font  les  plus  proehe 


^\ 


20  Novum  Belgium. 

{k-rhabitation    Rcnrclacirwitk    on 
du  tort  d'Orangc.     II  >'  a  dcja  qiicl- 
qiics  annccs  que  la  guerre  etaiit  entre 
les  Iroquois  et   les  Loiips  les  Hol- 
landois  fe  joigiiirent  a  ces  derniers 
coiitre  les  aiitres,  niais  +  iyyant   t'te 
pris     et    brulles     la    paix     fe    ht. 
IX'puis  quelques  nations  proehe  de 
la   mer  ayans   tue  quelques    Hol- 
landois  de  la  plus  eloigner  habita- 
tion,   les    Hollandois    tuerent    150 
fauvages  tant  hoes  que  fenimes  que 
petits  entans,  eux  ayants  tue  a  di- 
verfes  repriles+o  Hollandois,  bruHe 
beaueoup   de  mailons   et  \:\\t\   un 
dommage  elHnie  iles  le  temps  que 
i'eilois  la  de  200,000'  deux  eens  mille 
livres.      On  leva  des  troupes  en  la 
Nouvelle    Angleterre  :      au    eom- 
meneem'     done     de     Thyver     les 
herbes  etant  abbattues  et  quelques 
neiges  etants  fur  terreon  leiir  donna 


Nov  tan   Belgium.  21 

la  chalTc  dc  fix  cents  honimcs  y  en 
ayant  toujoiirs  deux  tens  en  eoiirle 
et  fe  relayant  eontiniiellemt  les  vns 
les  aiitres  de  forte  cjirenfermes  dans 
vne  grand  lile  et  ne  poiivants  s'en- 
fuyr  leitenit  a  caiife  des  feninies  et 
des  enfans,  il  yen  eiit  jiifqiiesa  feize 
eens  de  tues  eompris  les  kninies 
et  entans ;  ee  cjiii  obligea  la  reiie 
des  fauvages  a  faire  la  paix  qui 
continue  encor.  Cela  arriva  en 
164^  et  164.4. 

Des  3  Rivieres  en  la 
Nouvcllc  I'laiKc, 
J  Aiigulli,  if)46. 


Cii 


/^^ 


fet?*'- 


/d 


1^ 


^c 


xfi 


^" 


^•1 


1« 


NOVUM    BiaXJIUM. 

*^^1<:W  Holland,  which  the 
Wm  Diitcli  call  in  Latin  Novum 
W'     Bi'lgiitm  ;   in  their  own  lan- 

^  giiagcs  Nic/nc  Ncderland,  that 
i^  to  fay,  New  Low  C'.oiintries  is 
litiiated  hetween  \'irginia  and  New 
I'.ngland.  Tiie  nioiith  ot'the  river, 
whicli  Tome  people  call  NalTaii 
River,  or  the  (ireat  North  River,  to 
dilUnguilh  it  from  another  which 
they  call  the  South  River,  and 
fonie  mans  that  I  have  recently  ieen 
I  think  Maurice  River,  is  at  40  deg. 

^o  min.      Its  channel   is  deep,   nt 


.^♦^ 


J.r 


J' 


24  Novum  Belgium. 

for  the  largclt  ihip^  whicli  afcend 
to  Manhattcs  lilaiul,  which  is  liven 
leagues  in  circuit,  and  on  which 
there  is  a  fort  to  ferve  as  the  com- 
mencement of  a  town  to  he  built 
here,  and  to  be  called  New  Am- 
ftertlam. 

The  tort,  which  is  at  the  point 
of  the    Uland,   about    five   or  fix 
leagues  from  the  mouth,   is  called 
Fort  Amikrdam  ;   it  has  tour  regu- 
lar balHons,   mounted  with  fe\v.-:.' 
pieces  of  artillery.      All  thefe  baf- 
tions   and    the    curtains    were,    in 
1 643 ,  but  earthworks,  motlot  which 
had   crumbled   away,   fo  that  they 
entered  the  fort  on  all  tides.     There 
were  no  ditches.      I'or  the  garri- 
fon  of  the  faid  fort,  and  of  another 
which  they  had  built  rtill   further 
up  againft    the    incurtions   ot    the 
Indians,  their  enemies,  there  wcie 


i 


1 


^^ 


f^J 


k 


t     M 


^  " 
%< 


^  m 


■z   fl#t 


"n"^ 


» 


Novum  Belgium.  25 

iixty  folditrs.  'I'Ikv  were  lugin- 
iiing  to  face  the  gates  ami  Ixiilions 
with  ilone.  Within  the  fort  there 
was  a  fh)ne  church,  which  was 
quite  large,  the  houfe  of  the  (Jov- 
ernor,  whom  they  call  Director 
(Jeneral,  quite  neatly  built  of  brick, 
the  itorehoufes  and  barracks. 

On  this  Illaiul  of  Manhate,  and 
in  its  environs,   there  may  well  be 
four  or  five  hundred   men   of  dif- 
ferent  feets  and   nations:    the  I)i- 
redfor  (Jeneral   told   me  that  there 
were    men    of   eighteen    kinds   of 
languages ;   they  are  fcattereii  here 
and  there  on  the   river,  above  and 
below,  as  the   beauty  and  conven- 
ience of    the  fpot    invited   each  to 
fettle:    lonie   mechanics,  however, 
who    ply  their   trade,    are    ranged 
under  the  fort ;  all  the  others  being 

ex})oled    to   the  incurfions  of  the 
D 


26  Novum  Belgiion. 

Iiulians,  who,  in  the  year  164^^, 
while  I  was  there,  hail  actually 
killed  Tome  two  leore  I  lollaiulers, 
and  hiirnt  many  hoiifes  ami  barns 
hill  ot"  wheat. 

I'he  river,  whieh  is  very  Hraight, 
ami  runs  ilue  north  ami  fouth,  is 
at  lealt  a  league  broad  before  the 
fort.  Ihe  lliips  lie  at  anehor  in  a 
bay  whieh  forms  the  other  lide  ol 
the  illand,  and  thev  eiui  be  de- 
feiuled  from  the  fort. 

Shortlv  before  I  arrived  there, 
three  large  lliips  of  _;oo  tons  eaeh 
had  eome  to  load  wheat;  two  had 
got  their  eargo,  the  thinl  eould  not 
be-  loadeil,  beeaufe  the  favages  had 
burnt  a  part  of  their  grain.  I'hele 
lliips  had  eome  from  the  VN'eil  In- 
dies, where  the  Well  Imiia  C'om- 
pany  ufually  maintains  leventeen 
Ibips  ol  war. 


Novum  Belgium,  27 

riure  is  110  religious  cxcrcifc  ex- 
cept tlic  C'alviiiiit,  and  orders  arc  to 
admit  none  Init  Calvinilh,  however 
this  is  not  ohferved  ;  there  being  in 
the  Colony  helides  the  C^alvinilh, 
C^atholies,  KngHlh  Puritans,  Lu- 
therans, Anabaptiib,  whom  they 
call  Mnilles,  See.,  6cc. 

When  any  one  firfi  comes  to 
fettle  in  the  country,  they  lend  him 
liorlcs,  cows,  &;c. ;  they  give  him 
provilions,  all  which  he  returns  as 
loon  as  he  is  at  cafe  ;  and  as  to  the 
land,  after  ten  years  he  pays  to  the 
Weit  India  (^)mpanv  the  tenth  of 
the  produce  which  he  raifes. 

This  country  is  hounded  on  the 
New  I  .nglanil  fide  by  a  river  which 
they  call  the  l-refche  river,  which 
lerves  as  a  boundary  between  them 
and  the  Fnglilh.  Neverthelefs,  the 
l""ngli(h  come  very  near  to  them, 
Dij 


J 8  Novum  Belgium. 

choohng  to  hold  laiuls  iiiulcr  the 
Hollanders,  who  aik  notliing  ot 
them,  rather  than  depend  on  I'.ng- 
liih  Lords,  who  exact  rents,  and 
would  rainheahlolute.  On  the  other 
Tide,  louthuard,  towards  X'irginia, 
it  has  lor  its  limits  the  river  whieh 
thev  eall  the  South  river,  on  whieh 
there  is  alio  a  Diiteh  fettlement,  but 
the  Swedes  have  one  at  its  mouth 
extremely  well  Tupplied  with  ean- 
non  and  men.  It  is  Ixlieved  tliat 
thele  Sweiles  are  maintained  hy 
fome  Amilerdam  merchants,  in- 
eenled  that  the  Welt  India  C'.om- 
panv  has  to  itlell  alone  all  the 
eommeree  ol  thele  parts.  It  is 
towards  this  river  that  a  gold  mine 
has,  Irom  what  they  fay,  been  lound. 
See  in  the  work  ol  the  Sieur  de 
Laet  ol  Antwerp,  tlie  table  and 
aeeount  of    New    Belgium,  as    lie 


Novum  Behiirm. 


29 


fomctimcs  calls  it,  or  the  map: 
Nova  Anglia^  Novum  Belgium  ct 
itTinia. 

It  is  about  fifty  years  lincc  the 
Hollanders  came  to  thefe  parts. 
I  he  tort  was  begun  in  the  year 
1615.  About  twenty  years  Tuice, 
they  began  to  fettle  here,  and  now 
there  is  already  fome  little  commerce 
with  Mrginia  and   New  Knuland. 

I  he  hritcomers found  lands cpiite 
fit  for  ufe,  formerly  cleared  by  the 
favages,  whohad  fields  there.  Ihofe 
who  came  later  have  cleared  in  the 
woods,  which  are  molHv  oak.    Tj 


le 


foil 


IS 


gooi 


I) 


eer    huntm<r    is 


lere  are 
lime 


ot 


abuiulant   in   the  fall.       11 

fome   houfes   built  of  fhuie 

they    make    of    oylkr    ihi 

which  there  are  great  heaps,  mad( 

formerly     by     the     fayaws, 

fubiiil  in  part  by  that  fiihery 
biii 


w 


ho 


■^o  Novum   Belgium. 

The  climiitc  is  very  mild.  Iky- 
ing at  ^o's"  there  are  many  Euro- 
pean fruits,  as  apples,  pears,  cher- 
ries. I  reached  there  in  ()(^t()her, 
and  found  even  then  a  quantity 
of  peaches. 

Afcending  the  river  to  the  43d 
degree,  you  meet  the  iecond  Dutch 
fettlement,  which  the  tide  reaches 
but  does  not  pafs.  Ships  of  a  hun- 
dred and  fix  Icore  tons  can  come 
up  to  it. 

There  are  two  tilings  in  this  fet- 
tlement (whicli  is  called  Renfe- 
laerfwick,  as  if  to  fay,  fettlement 
of  Renfelaers,  who  is  a  rich  Am- 
flerdam  merchant)— i  ft,  a  mifera- 
bie  lillie  fort  called  I'ort  Orange, 
built  of  logs,  with  four  or  five 
pieces  of  Hreteuil  cannon,  and  as 
many  fwivels.  This  has  been  re- 
ferved,    and   is   maintained  by  the 


Novum  Belgium.  -^i 

Wc'A  India  Company.      This  fort 
was  formerly  on    an   iiland  which 
the  river  makes ;   it  is  now  on  the 
main  land,  towards  the  Hiroquois, 
a  little  above  the  faid  iiland.      Se- 
condly, a  colony  fent  here  by  this 
Renfelaers,    who    is  the    patroon. 
'I'his  colony  is  compofed  of  about 
a   hundred   perfons   who  reiide  in 
fome  twenty-five  or  thirtv  hoiiies 
built  along  the  river,  as  each  found 
convenient.    In  the  principal  houfe 
lives  the  patroon \s  agent;   the  Mi- 
niiter  has  his  apart,  in  which   fer- 
vice  is  performed.      There  is  alfo 
a  kind  of  Hail  iff  here,  whom  they 
call  the  Senefchal,  who  adminiiters 
jufHce.      Their  houfes  are  all  merely 
of    boards    and   thatched.      There 
is  as  yet  no  mafon  work  except  in 
the    chimneys.      The    forefls    fur- 
nilhing    many    large    pines,    they 


Novum  Belgium. 

mak«-    boards    by   means  ot    their 

nv  I     wliicli  thcv  have  hr  the  pur- 

/hcv  toiMul  fome  lands  all 
ready,  '  which  the  fava^^cs  had 
formerly  prepared,  and  in  which 
they  fow  wheat  and  oats  tor  beer, 
and  tor  their  hortes,  of  which  they 
have  great  numbers.  There  is  little 
land  fit  to  be  cultivated,  being 
hemnud  in  by  hills,  which  are 
poor  Toil.  I'his  obliges  them  to 
feparate  from  each  other,  and  they 
already  occupy  two  or  three  leagues 
ot  country. 

Trade  is  tree  to  all  ;  this  gives 
the  Indians  all  things  cheap,  each 
ot"  the  Hollanders  outbidding  his 
neighbor,  and  being  latilhed  pro- 
vided he  can  gain  tome  little  profit. 

'This  fettlement  is  not  more  than 
twenty  leagues  from  the  Agnieli- 


Novum  Belgium. 

ronons.  'I'hcy  go  there  by  land 
or  water,  the  river  on  which  the 
Iroquois  lie,  falling  into  that  which 
partes  to  the  Dutch,  but  there  are 
many  low  rapids,  and  a  fall  of  a 
Ihort  half  league,  where  the  canoe 
rnuft  be  carried. 

There  are  many  nations  between 
the  two  Dutch  fettlements,  which 
are  about  thirty  (Jerman  leagues 
apart,  that  is,  about  fifty  or  fixty 
I'rench  leagues.  I'he  Loups, 
whom  the  Iroquois  call  Agotfaga- 
nens,  are  the  nearefl  to  Renlllaerf- 
wick  and  I'Ort  Orange.  War 
breaking  out  lome  years  ago  be- 
tween the  Iroquois  and  the  Loups, 
the  Dutch  joined  the  latter  againft 
the  others ;  but  four  having  been 
taken  and  burnt,  peace  was  made. 
Since    then     fome     nations     near 

the    Tea    have    killed    Ibme     Hol- 
E 


34  Novum  Belgium. 

landers  ot"  the  m<  dilhnt  fettle- 
ment;  the  llollai  .is  killed  one 
hundred  and  fitty  Indians,  men, 
women  and  little  children.  Ihey 
having,  at  diflerent  intervals,  killed 
forty  Hollanders,  burnt  many 
hollies,  and  done  a  damage,  eilimat- 
ed  at  the  time  that  I  was  there  at 
200,000  liv.  (two  hundred  thouland 
livres,)  they  railed  troops  in  New 
Kngland.  Accordingly,  in  the 
'oegi:ining  of  winter,  the  grals  he- 
ing  trampled  down  and  lome  Inow 
on  the  ground,  they  gave  them 
chafe  with  fix  hundred  men,  keep- 
ing two  hundred  always  on  the 
move  and  conllantly  relieving  one 
another;  fo  that  the  Inilians,  ihut 
up  in  a  large  iiland,  and  unable  to 
flee  eafily,  on  account  ot  their 
women  and  children,  were  killed 
to  the  number  ot  lixteen  hundred, 


Novum  Belgium.  35 

inchuling  women  and  children. 
This  obliged  the  reft  of  the  Indians 
to  make  penec,  which  ftill  conti- 
nues. This  occurred  in  164.3  ^"^ 
164.4.. 

Three  Rivers  in  New  France,  ) 
Auguft  jd,  1646.  \ 


Eij 


'1 


NOTES 


iVfii'  Ni-t  her  land  />.  23. 


Ktill'iin  Rk'cr,  (hr.if   Sortb  River,  Miiu- 
ritlui  Rkrr  />.  23. 

Of  the  three  tiaines  lierc  given,  the  iecoiid 


s   to   this  dav  as 


in  part,  at  leall,  remain 
local  name,  alrhough  the  official  tiefignation 
is,  with  linmilar  jiittice,  that  of"  its  rtrlt  ex- 
plorer, llihiton.  I'he  name  Naffiiu  applied 
to  tl 
1 


lis   nver, 


to 


N 


irrairanle 


tt   B 


IV   and 


1   to 


onif 


lll.i 


IS  prelervec 


i  on! 


rtreet  in  the  citv  ot"  New  York.      The 


V  in  a  narrow 


name 


M: 


M 


uiritiiis  or  .viaiirice  was  given  as  early  as 
l-.iii 


38  Notes. 

if) I  I  in  honor  of  I'rincc  M;uirii«.'  of"  Naniui. 
it  alto  bore  the  nanK-  of  Manh.ittiiii  River 
and  iJreat  River  of  the  Mountains  iRio  dc 
Montaigne,  which,  tor  lonie  reaion,  lias  been 
acciiled  of  lieiiig  Spanilhl.  TIk'  nanu'  C'o- 
hotatea  lias  been  given  as  the  Iroiiuois  ap- 
pellation, but  fhere  feenis  to  be  no  founda- 
tion tor  it.  Tht.  Mohawks  and  the  Welk-rn 
Cantons  and  even  the  kindreil  I  luronscalleil 
Albany  Skanetati,  "  Beyond  the  pines,"  and 
applied  the  fame  name  to  thf  tiver.  Bruyas 
in  the  17th,  I'otier  in  the  iSth  and  Morgan 
in  the  19th  century  form  a  catena  of  proof. 
I'ather  Jogues  in  his  lalt  journal  gave  Oiotjuc 
as  the  M(i^'.awk  name  of  fhe  upper  Hudion. 
Shatemuc  is  popular  as  the  Mohegan  name, 
but  the  authority  is  o(  the  vagueft  defcrip- 
tion. 


South  Rkrr  />.  :4.. 

The  Delaware,  fo  callcil  from  Lonl  Dc  la 
Warre,  (iovernor  of  Virginia. 


M.in/.uittan  IjLinJ  p.  24. 

The  ifland  is  thirtcin  miles  long  and  from 
a  uuarter  of  a  mile  to  two  miles  wide,  (ieo- 
log'callv  it  is  a  rock  of  gneifs  and  granite, 
with  fomc  fcrpe:uine  anil  limeltone,  and  an 
alluvial  dcpofit.     Commercially  it  was  valuetl 


Notes. 


39 


in  i6i6  at  ho  guilders  or  S24,  and  in  iSfjo 

riic  name  Manhattan  is,  as  I)e  Laet  af- 
firms, derived  "from  the  favage  nation  that 
dwelt  at  the  mouth"  of  the  North  River. 
We  do  not  know  the  name  iriven  hy  the 
neighboring  Indians  to  the  ifland  and  the 
Dutch  feftlcmenf  on  it. 

The  Sentcas  tall  it  (ianono:  and  the 
Hurons,  a  century  fince,  ihled  it  A,anond«. 


Fort  Amjlcrdam  p.  24. 

This  fort  was  Ihikeil  out  in  \UiU  by 
Kryn  I''reilericyke,  the  engineer,  and  was  to 
have  been  of  folid  itone  ;  bur  was  completed 
in  i()2S  with  a  mere  facing  of  llone,  and  the 
work  fo  badly  lione  that  it  was  in  ruin 
in  1^,;;.  liie  labor  was  jierfonneil  in  lU) 
fmall  degree  by  the  negro  ilaves  of  the  Weft 
India  Conipaiiy,  anil  coft  41";  guiKlcrs. 
Dr.  O'Callaghan  tlliui.ites  its  fize  at  three 
hundred  feet  by  two  huiuired  and  fit'tv.  It 
ftood,  we  may  ftate  for  thofe  who  know  only 
the  modern  city,  in  the  block  facing  the 
Bowling  (ireen,  between  State  ftrcet  and 
Whitehall ;  the  batterv  and  the  portion  of 
the  city  weft  of  the  eafterly  fide  of  Green- 
wiih  being  then  below  high  wafer  mark. 


40 


Notes. 


Ik'  Stoiw  Church  in  the  ]■'  rt.  p  2;. 

The  firll  placi'  iil'ctl  tor  religious  WDrfliip 
was  a  li)t"r  over  a  lioili'  mill  (.•rci'lt.'ii  in  \(<i<) 
on  the  arrival  of  Dotniiiii' Jonas  M  iiliaclius  ; 
l)iir  in  l^_)_;  a  barnlikc  (truCtiirc  was  cni'tcJ 
on  Hroaii  lircct,  hctwccn  what  arc  now  Hriilyc 


ani 


1  1' 


carl 


tlrccts 


I'liis  (oon   (ell  to  ilcca 


hut   in  1^42   the  energetic 


l)c  V 


y. 


ries  rcnion- 


ftrateil   with    Kieft   on    the   ililiiracc  ot'  their 


lavmif  lo  mean  a  church,   anv 


as   taken   up 


l^aul 


tl 


I  a  I'ubkriptio 
1II 


n 


the   willus    lit    the 


peop 


Kiet't  ercL'tcil    this  chunh  within   the 


tort,  of  which   it   took 


up   tulK  one  four'h. 


It  was  Innlt  hy  John  and    Kichard  ( Jgilen  ot' 
tjuiKlcrs.  atul  vsas  7:  feet 


Stainfoni,  tor  :• 
long  l)y  5>>  wiiie.  ami  i^  feet  higii.  If  was 
'hinLrled  with  oak.  A  llone  llah  Imrc  the 
inkription    "  Ao.     Di 


M  DC  XI. II.     W. 


Kieft,    Dr.   (in,    lleett   de    (icnieenten    dell 


I 


emple  doen    Housun 


tell 


I  cue    per- 


laps   I) 


f    th 


e    t)u>ldini;'>    th.it     |(igues    i^a/c 


d 


upon,   this  (lal>  was  prderved   till    our  dav, 
penlliing  in   the  (.iarden    .St.  Church   'ii   the 


I 


ic  oriLiinal 


great  fire  of  Decemlicr,   iS  j 

church  itt'elf'  was  dcthoycii    l>v   tire  in   1-41. 


It 


IS  apparently    pretty   well   ihown  with   its 


tioublc  roof  on  the  view  i>t'thecit\    in  Mun- 


tanus. 


Notes. 


Direilors  Cteneral  />.  25. 


The  Din-rtor  (icncnil,  whole  h 


l''arhcr  Jogiics   is  one  of  the  fe 


his  favor,  which  hilt 


umamry  to 
w  points  in 


ry  record,  was  WilJiani 
urintr   thi 


Kieft.      The   Diridors   (iencral  li 
perioil  of  Dutch  rule  wtic 

I    Cornelius  J iicohlln  May,  1624. 


Will 


iiiin  V'erhulft,  1^)25 


.j    I'eter  Minuit,  of  Welel,  162^)16}; 
4  Walter   Van    Twiller,   of   Nieuwk' 


lf)jj-l6  i 


1647 


5  William   Kieft,   of  AmlKTcJ 


ini, 


If  i8- 


6   I'cter  StuyvcHint,  of  Kriefeland,    16, 


1^)64. 


Variety  of  LangUitgi's  />.  25, 


New  York  rl 


uis  earlv  alTumei 


that 


coinio- 


politan  iharai^Kr  which  it  has  lince  prefervetl 


ami  which   uives   it    fewer   I 


ocal  peculiarities 
than  any  other  American  city.  The  Dutch 
at  that  fiiiic  employee!  men  of  all  nations  am! 
fouyht  employment  in  all.  One  of  the  firit 
Direi'lors  (ieneral  was  a  (ierman,  who  after- 
wards led  the  Swedes  to  the  Delaware ;  an 
Knglilhman   difcovered   the  country   for  the 


Dutch,  and  an  old  Dutch  official  hrli  led  the 
Knglilh   up   the    North    River.      Dutchmen 


Not 


cs. 


coniinaiuic'd    thu    S;ilic  nncrs   tluit   ravaui'd 
Dutch  ihippiiiL;,  ami  the  ton  of' mu-  ot  thulc 


iii;itcs  commemorated    Ins  ancc 


I 

hv  afl 


Ural 


renown 


ummti 


the  name  ot'  Van  Salee,  though 
fonic  modern  writers  have  tried  to  improve 
his  thmdinu  hv  introducing  him  as  a  rel'ped- 


!• 


renc 


h    H 


uguenot. 


et,    even     with 


this  varictv,  the  exiltence  ot  eighteen  ditter- 
cnr  lantjuagcs  in  a  community  ot  tour  t)r 
five  hundred  fcems  almoin  too  great  tor  1k'- 
lict".  It  mav,  howevei,  lie  true,  as  from  the 
Miarriuire  records  ot"  the  Dutch  Cluirch  ;.nvi 
other   mo 


numents  ot   the   tune,    we  know  ot 
t"   Dutch,    I'rench, 


e  actual  rcnUence 


lere  o 


the 

Kntjlilh,  Irilh,  Scotch,  Swede,  Dane,  Nor- 
wet^ian,  (lermans  t'rom  ail  the  l'"rce  Cities  and 
maliy  otthe  States,  I'ole,  I'ortuguele,  Italian, 
Moor  and  Ani;olian,  helides  natives  ot  New 
l-'iiLiland  and  New  Nerherland.  The  tirit 
!\at!ve  otthe  colonv  was  married  in   i^'4J. 


Ships  L:.iJiui  ii-ith  Gr,iin  p.  z(y 


V 


le  two  vell'els  here    inentionei 

after, 


were   tor 


in     vain. 


CuraijUa,    and    tlie     pcoj 

virging    Kiett   to   reiand    the  cargoes,   beheld 

their  lieparf  re  in  perfect  liefpair,  as  the  In- 


lians  were  dellrovinu;  a 


Let 


ore  tliem. 


Not^ 


es. 


+3 


'/'/)('  ICt'/i  Iiuliii  Company,  p  26. 
i'he   firl^  company   conncded    with    \ 


cw 


N'ctliLTliiiiil  was  the  United  New  Nethcrland 
Company,  to  wliicli  the  States  (ieneral,  in 
October,  1614,  granted  a  trading  monopoly 
tor  tour  years,  and  the  members  ot"  which 
ac'tiially  remained  in  pofTellion  ot'it  tor  three 
years  at'ter.  Meanwhile,  the  fiiccefs  ot'  the 
Dutch  I'.alt  India  Company,  under  which 
Huiilon    had  tailed    in    1609^  induced  UtTe- 


lincx  to  projec't  a  Well  India  Company.    Th 
Ichcme    lingered,   however,    tor    ibme   years, 
and  it  was    not  till    June,    ;,  16:1,   that  the 


State 


(1 


eneral  hnally  organized  it.  The 
Well  India  Company  thus  created  was  gov- 
erned b\   rise  chambers  ot'  manaijers  at  Am- 


il 


erdam. 


Zeal 


mU 


.\lae/e.    North    U 


anil 


1    I'rielland,    but    f'or 


oiiaiu 


general    purpoles  a 


liody  ot  nineteen  perlons,  one  appointed    bv 
the    States    (ieneral    the  rell   tlelcLMtes    t'rom 


the  chandlers,    managed    the  concerns  ot'  the 


-ompanv 


I'hev  had  tor  twentv-t 


in  exclufive  right  ot    trading  in  Atrica,  t'r 


our  vears 


om 


the   Tropic  ot 

Mope,  and   in    .America,  t'rom    New  I<"ound 
land,  on  the  .Atlantic,  around   to  the  Straits 
ot  .Anian  on  the  i'acitic. 

I'he    tlag   ot'  the    Well    India    Company, 


Cancer   to  the  Cape  ot'  CJood 


which  was  a  tricolor,  orange, 
Kii 


.hit 


e  aiui 


bl 


ue 


++ 


NutCl 


111  lion/oiual 


tniK's,  \vi 


th  the   letters  (i.  W 
C.  1)11  the  white,  was  prol)al)ly  the  firll  railed 


in 


th 


e  CO 


onv  ;    Huciroii  failed  under  a  (iinilar 


111  our 


flag  with  (i.  ().  C,  and  the  flag   ieen 
waters  jirior  to  1624,  was  probably  the  iinipie 
tricolor. 

De  Lact  in  1644  publiftieii  a  hilh)ry  ot"  the 


Com 


tanv    and    its    operations    to    tlie    vear 


n 


16  {6.      New  Netherlatul  was,  however,  the 
too  unimportant  \ov  it  to  occupy  much  fpace 


in  the  work. 


A    ll 


itement  o 


f  th 


e    imtiorts 


an 


d    exports    is    the 


mo 


[\ 


important    item. 


Unturtunatelv  tor  our  hillorical  purpoles  the 
papers  of"  the  Welt  liuiia  C'ompanv  were  but 
a  tew  vears  fiiice  I'old  as  watle  pa[>er. 

Rr/iir/ofi  />•  27. 

Toleration   was  not  a  f'alhion  of  t!ie  time. 

riie  b'reedoms  and  I'.xemptions  ot  1(140  de- 
clare: "And  no  other  relii^ion  ihall  be 
publiciv  admitted  in  New-Netherland  except 
the  Ketormed  as  it  is  at  preteiit  preached 
and    practiced    by    public    authority    in    the 

United  Netherlands." 


Conditions  of  Settlement  />.  11. 
The  conditions  ot' tettlement  ssili  be  found 


at  length  in  tin. 
vol.    I,    p.    114, 


\.  V.  Colonial  Documents, 
and    later    terms    in    O'Cal- 


lag 


fhan's  New  Netherlaiui,  I,  ;o6. 


-f 


Not 


es. 


4-5 


Fnji/jf  River  p.  27. 


This  is  the  Connedicut  explored  by  Block 
to  the  head  of  navigation  in  1614. 

Nciv-Sivedcn  />.  28. 

This  Swedifh  colony  was  founded  in  April, 
16  jS,  l)y  Minuit,  Chriftina  being  (^)ueen  of 
Sweden  and  her  name  being  affixed  to  the 
fort  ercrted.  Ufl'elincx,  the  projedor  of  the 
Dutch  Weft  India  Company,  planned  this 
colony. 

GohL 

Father  Jogiies  may  have  heard  in  Canada 
ot  a  reported  difcovery  of  gold  towards  the 
Raritan  about  this  time.  The  belief  in  the 
exiftence  of  gold  mines  here  svas  kept  up  for 
feveral  years,  and  Stecndam  in  his  poetical 
praife  of  New  N'etherland  gives  quickfdver 
as  well  as  gold. 


Dc  Liict  p.  i?>. 

The  account  of  De  l.aet,  as  it  appears  in 
different  editions,  will  be  found  in  the  col- 
lections of  the  N.  Y.  Hiltorical  Societv,  II, 
i.      rhe  map  is  here  given. 

Fiij 


+6 


Note. 


Time  of  Settlement  of  Xeie  )\ik  />.  29. 

Tlu'  period  of'  ri(':y  \  cars  woulii  currv  it 
back  to  I  sy6.  So^iic  vfAVIs  of  a  Diiti  I5 
GrcL-rilaiui  Compa'  y  .ire  laid  to  have  hciti 
the  tirft  viliters,  hi'.ve"'  .,  in  1  scyS.  I  huitoii 
iaileil  from  the  !  exel  April  6,  i^oc;,  aiui 
anchored  the  Half'  Moon  in  latitude  40' 
jo',  inCide  of'  Sandy  Hook,  in  the  waters 
of'  the  Great  North  River  of  New  Nether- 
land  on  the  4th  of'  Septeinjier.  I'he  firll 
traders,  of"  whom  we  ha\e  anv  knowledge, 
came  in  1 '1 1  \  and  tradinLj  forts  were  eredted 
in  I'u;,  Ileruirick  (."orltiaenl'en  heini;  the 
father  of'  the  coK)ny.  He  came  out  the  next 
vear  with  Ma\-  and  Block,  who  hoth  more 
fortunate  then  he,  have  left  motuiments  in 
the  names  of  natural  features  of'  the  coalK 
'I'he  firtt  actual  lettlement  dates  t'roni  {(m(i, 
t\>!Uy  ye;us  before  Jouues  wrote. 


Shell  Lime  p.  Z(). 

All   the  earlv   accounts   ('peak  of'  tlie 
menll-  accumulation  of' o\  iter  and  ;' 
ami  their  ule  lor  lime. 


im- 


Ihel 


/'>//■(//)(',  ;/  I''niits  iiiiJ  Cattle  p.   \o. 

Kuropean   fruit,  grain  and  cattle  were  in- 
troduced   at    carlv    dates.     Chriltiaenl'en    in 


I 


'M 


Notes. 


M 


i6i  5  inrrcxluccd  goats  ami  rabbits,  which 
wcrt;  p()ii()ncil  by  noxious  plants;  but  I'crer 
r.vcrtlui  Ilulft  ill  1625  brought  over  ftal- 
lioiis,  niarts,  bulls,  cows,  (wine  and  (heep. 
Cherries  and  peaches  were  introduced  only 
about  i6j(j. 

Ri'ujf'flafrjhchk  />.  30. 

Kilian  Van  Renflek'er,  the  patroon,  was 
a  pearl  merchant  in  AniiK-rdani  and  a  diredor 
in  the  Weil  India  Company.  His  tiril 
deeds  from  the  Imiian  chiefs,  under  the  Free- 
doms and  Kxemptions  of  June  7,  ifiiy, 
were  ratified  in  1650,  and  rhefe  with  another 
purchafe  made  in  1^);-  gave  him  a  trad 
twenty-four  miles  bv  fortv-eiL'ht  miles.  He 
died  in  164'). 


/'"'y/7  Or,tfigr  p.  •30. 

The  fort  on  Calcic  Illand,  ifterwards  call- 
ed Van  Ken<Telaer's  Ifianti.  was  a  rtockade, 
fitty  teet  Iquare,  encircled  bv  a  moat  18  feet 
wide  ami  was  defeiuleil  by  :  cannon  and  i  1 
Iwivels.  It  was  built  in  i'>i4,  and  ftood 
oppofite  .Mount  Hope.  Fort  Orange  was 
built  m  i().:4,  where  Phirnix  Hotel  now 
rtumls- 


48 


Tlu 


Notes. 

Minijic-  p.  ;^i. 
miiiiiU-r   ot"    Mbany    was    Domimc 


John  Mfgap'vciifis,  .uitlior  of  a  trcatik-  uii 
the  MohaVks,  ami  to  he  grarchilly  r.  iiuin 
bcrcd  for  Ms  kiiuiiicfs  to  a" fellow  rlertjvman. 
He  came  tu  this  couivry  in  1^4-.  •''>'  ^'^*- 
HriKhurch  was  built  in  if>4,5  near  Church 
ftreet.  it  was  a  ru.le  ftrvM'hire,  i>;  (.•.!  by 
j4,  and  from  what  is  \\^.i-^.  laid,  in  part  a 
dwelling. 

S-.ni'chiil  p.  3  i . 

If  thip  means  as  is  likely  the  Schout-hjcaal, 
he  V  I',  nui  iuduc  adminitV:img  but  prole- 
cutoi  vii  i-'.ai'.i'ipg  jul'.iic. 


/■V,v    hiidf  p.  32. 


I'la^k'  was  tVee  from  i^.;9-  'he  extent 
of  the  trade  mav  he  feen  by  a  lilt  in  I  >e 
Laet's  Hirtorv  of  the  Well  India  Con^pany. 
From  n):4  to  1655  the  Dutch  Well  India 
Companv  received  from  New  Netherland 
Ko, iH:  beaver  and  iH4"  '''f"-''  •'"''  '^f'^^''' 
(kins,  the  whole  valued  at  705,1  '"  guilders. 

AgHicnr'jn'jtu  p.  ^i. 
Thefe  were  the  Mohawks  ;    The  name  they 


■^l 


Notes. 


4-9 


gave  thcmfclvcs  was  Kajingchagc  or  (lamiic- 
giicliagc  or  Agnicgiicrunoii,  the  ternunatioii 
bage  or  roiioii  meaning  people.  The  name 
of  the  tribe  was  (ianniagwari,  meaning  She 
Bear,  which  the  neighboring  tribes  of  Al- 
goni]iiin  tongue  tranflited  to  Maqua,  the 
loiirce  ot"  our  word  Mohawk.  The  Mo- 
hawks, with  the  Oneidas  (Onneiout),  Onun- 
dagas  (Onontaujue),  Cayugas  (CJoiogouen) 
and  Senecas  (iTonn'^iitouanl,  formed  a 
league  called  in  the  Mohawk  language  Hot- 
inn.-iichiendi,  in  the  Seneca  Hodcnotaunee, 
and  meaning  "  They  form  a  cabin."  They 
were  called  the  Five  Nations  and  fubie- 
quentlv  Six  Nations  and  tor  more  than  a 
century   held    the  balance  ot'  power   between 

French  on   the   North  and    the   Dutch  and 

Fnglilh  on  the  South. 


Loups,  Agotfagiincn  p.  33. 

Thefe  were  the  Mohegans.  The  term 
Ain)tt'at;Mien  was  applied  to  other  tribes  of 
the  lame  Algonquin  family.  I'he  tribes  on 
the  North  River  were  chiefly  the  Manhat- 
tans, the  Sankikans,  Hackeniacks,  Tappans, 
Weclupuefkecks,  Pachami,  Wappingers, 
Waronawankongs  and  Kiopus  Indians,  all 
of'  the  .-Mi^onquin  family.  Attempts  have 
been  made  to  conftrudi  a  f'uppofed  great 
G 


so 


Notes. 


Delaware  C'onkHlcracy,  rc.uhing  from  the 
upper  Huilion  to  the  I'otomac,  hut  this 
ftorv  is  ipiitc  leeent  ami  its  growth  is  curi- 
ous. The  petty  trihe  of"  Deiawares.  with 
whom  the  Dutch  feem  to  have  had  no  ex- 
tended relations,  were  enemies  ot"  the  Min- 
quas.  Uv  confounding  the  Mimiuas  who 
lived  on  the  losver  SuTquehanna  with  the 
Mohauks,  the  Dehiwares  were  made  to  ex- 
tend to  the  river  ol'tlie  latter  trihe.  .\  lliort 
vocabulary  of"  the  Sankekan  has  l)ccn  pre- 
ferved  ;  of"  the  river  Indians  proper  we  have 
no  remains. 

/r,/r  I'ctvccn  Dutch  ,in,/  M^J.\niks  />.   ;;v 

I'his  onlv  collilion  hetween  the  Dutch 
and  Mohawks  occurred  in  id:^,  svlien  Daniel 
Van  Krieckheeck,  Deputy  Commillary  at 
Fort  Orange,  and  three  of"  his  men  were 
killed.  A  had  f'eeling  I'eems  to  have  been 
caui'ed  t>v  the  vifit  of"  an  Kiiglilh  velVel. 

The  luJiatt  ll\ir  '^/'\()^l,  />.  Vv 

This  war  occupies  an  important  place  in 
Colonial  Hiilory,  and  the  readei  may  f"ollow 
it  in  O'Callaghan's  New  Netherland  and 
Brodhead's  New  York.  A  verbal  iLitement 
of  Father  Jogues,  taken  down  in  writing  by 
Father  James  Buteux  contains  the  f"ol lowing  : 


Notes, 


S' 


% 


"  During  the  Ihiy  that  he  made  there  (New 
Aiiifterilatn),  an  Irifh  Catholic  arrived,  who 
came  from  Virgii\ia,  who  went  to  confeihon 
to  the  father,  lie  told  him  that  there  were 
i'onie  of  our  fathers  in  Virginia,  and  that 
one  of  them  going  into  the  woods  with  the 
Indians,  had  heen  killed  there  hy  the  ene- 
mies of  the  Inilians,  whom  he  accompanied  ;* 
,\\  A  moreover  that  the  Knglifli  were  in  Vir- 
ginia to  the  number  of  12,000,  and  that 
there  would  be  much  more  if  the  country 
were  healthier.  That  the  foil  is  fertile,  antl 
proihues  all  forts  of  fruit,  grain,  and  vege- 
tables. I'lic  rather  faw  alfo  many  I'.nglifh 
from  New  I'.ngland,  which  is  between  the 
Irixjuois  arui  Alinai|uiois,  who  toUl  him  that 
there  are  more  than  :ioo,ooo  fouls  in  that 
New  I'.ngland  ;  that  commerce  is  eilablifhed 
there  ;  that  thev  manure  the  grounil  with 
codtifli,  which  they  allow  to  rot,  and  reduce 
into  manure. t 

"  There  can  be  no  doubt,  from  what  he 
favs,  but  that  this  countrv  is  far  more  beau- 
tiful and  temjierate  than  thel'e.  There  were 
peaches  on  the  trees  llill  on  the  4th  of 
November,  at  \shich  time  the  governor 
notified  the  father  to  hold   himfelf  in  readi- 


•  I'nihaMy  only  ■»  rumor.  Thrrr  i.s  n.i  tnidt-ncc  uf'  thr  Avxth  iit 
Jtiy  <>r  rhr   Iduits  in  M.iryljm). 

t  'VUn  i>  .i  vciv  c.irK  jlluih'tl  tn  the  ul'-  ot"  niullhunkerb  and  uthrt 
tilh  .!!■  mjnurr, 

Gij 


ft;Ui 


ag 


)t    tin-    coiiiitrv 


Notes. 

Kirk,  wliiiii  he  wis  ilirpatvh- 
iit'ornuition  of  the 
how    till-    liulians, 


52 

ncl's  to  r.iil  in  .1 

i MIT  to  Holhirui,  to  give  mtormation  o 


'a  I 


nil  whom  th.'V  wen-  at  war,  were  niinmg 

every  thing,  Inirning  the  corn,  t>arns,  lioules, 

•     ■■     ami  had  alreadv  killed  more  than  torty 

ic  caiile  Of"  the  war  arolc  from 

thev   int()\ii.ated.      As  hi 


"uci 
rlon-- 


1 


ai     Indian,  ^^hom  they   uuokk- 


had  a  how  in 

man    upon    a    ladder, 

(oldiers  and  (etr'ers,  inceti 


his  hand,  he  tired   at  a  Dutch- 


aiui  kdli 


d    I 


iim 


le 


il'd  at  this  imir 


tl 
lier, 


wilhed  to  take  revenue.      A   eoiueimnt   .>p 


lortiinitv   ofteret 


one. 


liaiul 


o 


hut    a  molt    iinre.ilonabie 
r'  Indians,    of'   this    nation. 


rivinu  from  their   Indian  .'tie 


mus  of  anotlur 


nation,    came  ami    too 
111 


k    ret'u^e    on    a    Irnal 


illaml 


near 


the    Dutch.      The   loldiers  and 
)thers  knew   it,   and  sMiit  to   the  captain  to 


Ilk 


ka\e. 


11. 


bcttir    a 
d  th 


,iviU 


answcrei 


that  they  mud  wait,  and  that  this  \suuUl  tie 
to  involve  hiin  in  an  open  war,  which  would 
caull-  tlie  di  iHi  of'  many  Dutch;  th.it  it 
would  lie  more  expedient  to  lummon  the 
chiefs,  and  aCt  according  to  the  cutlom  of 
the  counrrv,  which  was  to  ilemaiui  prelents 
I    latilVaction,    or    the    rurrtiider    d'     the 


as 
murderer. 


I'his    advikc   was    not 


foil, 


iwed 


I 


•  Ci.irri-t;  Jj 

(  H  )l.  iki'ii  Jill  !(ii-  I'iri  J'   J»J  i' 


the  M„lu»k^ 


W4.  ,,inlii|«rt  jfl  illin.i        I'bi- 
rtf  .hii-Hy  WV,kilu.r:K-rc-ik- Ifvim    WrlKlirltn  rtrriri^'  hrl..tr 


Not, 


5.? 


On  the  L()iiti.ii\ ,  a  Ibldifr'"  Wiis  hardy  enough 
ro  tell  the  govcriKH  that  he  was  an  accom- 
jiliee  in  the  ileath  ot'  the  one  who  had  heen 
killed,  ami  went  To  far  as  to  prel'ent  his  jiistol 
and   tried    to   rire  :     it   tnifled   (ire,    hut    the 


)vernor  did  not  mil's  him,  for  at  the  (anu- 


time   he  oniercd    one  of  his    men    to    llioot 
him  through  the  head,  which  was  done. 

"  Then  the  governor,  fearing  a  fedition, 
told  the  others  to  ilo  as  they  pleafed,  hut 
that  tor  his  part  he  cleareil  iiimrelf  of  it,  if 
trouble  arole.  I'his  word  was  no  I'ooner  faid 
than  lixty  foldiers  go  to  that  iflanil,!'  maflaere 
the  Indians,  who  expet'ted  nothing,  killeil  as 
nian\'  as  eighty  ;  (ome  took  Hinht,  and  on 
their  Hight  let  fire  wherever  they  pafl'ed,  fo 
that  the  poor  colonics  who  knew  nothing  ot 
all  this  trairedv,  faw  t!>eir  houfes  burnt  with- 


ou 


t  kn 


owing  the  eaule. 


'Tr'/.ps  fr <m  AV:i'  V.nghnui  p.  \\. 

C'onne.'Hiur  declined  to  aid  the  Dutch, 
but  a  number  of  I'.nglilh,  commamlfd  by 
the  cekbratid  John  L.'nderhill,  gave  effec^tual 
aid  in  this  Indian  war. 


•    riiiv  «.i>  \\v-  I't'-rnit  ui  M.iivti  AJiiai-nl'm  ui  kill  Kifft.     'rhr 
|tftriin  ih  It  v^.l^  hitwi'vrr  'Uilv  line  til*  his  .i^lh(■It■lU^. 
>  Tlic  tiMirtire  .It  IViv'-nia. 


( I  i  i  i 


® 


.Iff  ttf  siifs  ni>  ]Jlo(s  nn  iWomfoit, 
3(  siUs  srrbftrur  He  IttnUnmc  l««iifr. 


